Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme in the tissue samples of patients with various clinicopathological stages of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Aruldoss, Nelson; Ramasamy, S; Srivastav, Chandan Kumar; Austin, Ravi David

doi:10.4103/0972-1363.195096

Cited by 4 publications

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“…iNOS is known for its production of NO in large amounts under chronic inflammatory conditions. [ 6 28 ] Their raised expressions have already been well established in various malignancies including head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). [ 9 ] However, inconsistencies with respect to iNOS expression in PMD are noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case-control study comparing and correlating iNOS expression among various clinicopathological variants of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A Immunohistochemistry study

et al. 2020

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A BSTRACT Background and Objective: The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in various pathological processes including oral carcinoma. Oral premalignancy being its precursor lesion is also expected to show similar pattern. This study attempts to appraise the iNOS expression in various clinicopathological stages and grades of oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: A case-control study design was adopted for this study with a total sample of 90 subjects, distributed equally into the three study groups, namely controls, OL, and OSCC. Clinical staging and histopathological grading for both the case groups were performed. Representative tissue samples from all groups were obtained and studied for iNOS expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data were presented in mean and percentages accordingly. Inferential analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney test, and Spearman rank correlation test. Results: Significant ( P < 0.001) difference was observed among the groups, where 83.3% of OSCC and 73.3% of OL epithelial cells showed iNOS expression. The normal cells did not show up any expression. The expression was found to rise with the progressing clinical stages of OL ( P < 0.05) and OSCC ( P < 0.01). Similar pattern was observed with respect to advancing dysplasia in OL ( P < 0.01) and cell differentiation in OSCC ( P < 0.01). Significant positive correlation was found in clinicopathological categories of OL and OSCC. Considering the risk assessment, iNOS staining was found to be significantly raised in advanced cases of OSCC ( P < 0.01) and high-risk cases of OL ( P < 0.01). Conclusion: Increased expression of iNOS can be an early diagnostic marker in OL and as prognostic marker in OSCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various studied biomarkers, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a promising biochemical entity. [ 6 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case-control study comparing and correlating iNOS expression among various clinicopathological variants of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A Immunohistochemistry study

et al. 2020

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“…Also, whether compared to healthy controls, transformed OL presented a 60-fold PD-L1 overexpression ( p = 0.04) that was related to malignant transformation ( p = 0.03) (60). Similarly, a significant increase in COX-2 expression could be observed from normal epithelium through OL to OSCC ( p < 0.001) in tissue samples (61)(62)(63)(64). The expression of IL-6, on the other hand, was mainly assessed in biofluids, revealing that salivary concentration of IL-6 was higher in OSCC patients than in controls and in non-dysplastic OL ( p = 0.0012) (45, 65, 66).…”

Section: Risk Of Bias In the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

A meta-analysis reveals the protein profile associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia

Normando

Santos²,

Sá³

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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The search for biomarkers associated with oral leukoplakia malignant transformation is critical for early diagnosis and improved prognosis of oral cancer patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess protein-based markers potentially associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Five database and the grey literature were searched. In total, 142 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, where 173 proteins were investigated due to their potential role in malignant progression from oral leukoplakia (OL) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The abundance of these proteins was analyzed in fixed tissues and/or biofluid samples, mainly by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, and 12 were shared by both samples. Enrichment analysis revealed that the differential abundant proteins are mostly involved with regulation of cell death, regulation of cell proliferation, and regulation of apoptotic process. Also, these proteins are mainly expressed in the extracellular region (55.5%), cell surface (24.8%), and vesicles (49.1%). The meta-analysis revealed that the proteins related to tumor progression, PD-L1, Mdm2, and Mucin-4 were significantly associated with greater abundance in OSCC patients, with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04–0.40), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24–0.81), and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04–0.86), respectively, with a moderate certainty of evidence. The results indicate a set of proteins that have been investigated across OSCC initiation and progression, and whose transcriptional expression is associated with clinical characteristics relevant to the prognosis and aggressiveness. Further verification and validation of this biomarkers set are strongly recommended for future clinical application.

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OMICS, Oral Cancer Molecular Landscapes, and Clinical Practice

D’Souza

Saranath

2017

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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Molecular pathogenesis of oral cancers continues to be researched by omics systems science biotechnologies. Oral cancers rank as the 13th most common cancer globally. Notably, the burden of oral cancers from the Asian continent is 56.21%, with 26% of the burden contributed by India. Despite easy accessibility of the oral cavity and hence early detection of oral cancers, majority are diagnosed in advanced stages in the Asian countries. Innovation in oral cancer diagnostics, as well as theranostics for precision medicine, would aid their early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, not to mention discovery of novel molecular targets for drug development. This expert review offers an analysis of oral cancer biomarkers, including somatic mutations, deregulated expression, epigenetic regulation, and genomic variants associated with oral cancer. We also discuss the implications of the current and emerging oral cancer biomarkers with a view to clinical practice, global health, and make suggestions for the ways forward.

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Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme in the tissue samples of patients with various clinicopathological stages of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A case-control study comparing and correlating iNOS expression among various clinicopathological variants of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A Immunohistochemistry study

A case-control study comparing and correlating iNOS expression among various clinicopathological variants of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A Immunohistochemistry study

A meta-analysis reveals the protein profile associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia

OMICS, Oral Cancer Molecular Landscapes, and Clinical Practice

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