Expression of connective tissue growth factor in tumor tissues is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer

Abstract

GC patients with an elevated CTGF expression have more lymph node metastases and a shorter survival time. CTGF seems to be an independent prognostic factor for the successful differentiation of high-risk GC patients staging I + II + III. Over-expression of CTGF in human GC cells results in an increased aggressive ability.

Nuclear Alternate Estrogen Receptor GPR30 Mediates 17β-Estradiol–Induced Gene Expression and Migration in Breast Cancer–Associated Fibroblasts

“…Recently, we have found that one of the strongest genes induced through GPR30, such as CTGF, is required for both proliferation and migration in ER-negative SkBr3 breast cancer cells (26). Although elevated CTGF levels characterized diverse types of carcinomas (27)(28)(29) and were associated with aggressive behavior of breast cancer cell lines (30,31), a lower CTGF expression was found in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues in a survey of 122 human breast tumors (32).…”

Increased levels of SLP-2 correlate with poor prognosis in gastric cancer

“…It has been suggested that stomatins are involved in the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton, the formation of sphingolipid-and cholesterolrich lipid rafts, and the assembly of ion channels and mechanosensation receptors [19,20]. SLP-2 expression is upregulated in multiple tumor types, including ESCC, endometrial adenocarcinoma, LSCC, breast cancer, PSCC, and glioma [4,[9][10][11][12][13][14], but the mechanisms leading to SLP-2 overexpression in human tumors are not well known. SLP-2 has been shown to enhance invasiveness in glioma cells, potentially through the upregulation of MMP-9.…”

“…Stomatin-like protein 2 (STOML2/SLP-2) shares a similar signature sequence with stomatin but does not contain an NH 2 -terminal hydrophobic domain, which distinguishes it from other members of the stomatin family [8]. Recently, SLP-2 has been shown to be upregulated and involved in progression and development in several types of cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), endometrial adenocarcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC), breast cancer, and glioma [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In ESCC, SLP-2 is one of the most differentially expressed cancerrelated genes compared with paired adjacent normal tissues, and knockdown of SLP-2 reduces the growth rate of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo and inhibits cell attachment [8,9].…”

“…In ESCC, SLP-2 is one of the most differentially expressed cancerrelated genes compared with paired adjacent normal tissues, and knockdown of SLP-2 reduces the growth rate of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo and inhibits cell attachment [8,9]. SLP-2 is also associated with cancer cell survival, because silencing SLP-2 enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics [4]. In addition, SLP-2 is strongly correlated with clinical stage as well as prognostic characteristics in LSCC, suggesting that SLP-2 could be important in determining prognosis and thus in selecting treatment [11].…”

“…One major reason for the poor clinical outcome is lack of a specific early diagnosis method. Deregulation of cell adhesion molecules such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) [4], tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and p16 [5], or oncogenes such as c-Myc and c-ErbB2 [6] may be associated with the poor prognosis of GC patients. However, the identification of novel cancer-specific biomarkers associated with GC has the potential to provide more accurate prognostic information, increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC development, and lead to new therapeutic targets.…”