Expression of Chosen Carcinoembryonic-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) Associated with Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

Abstract

Aims: Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are members of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and take part in regulation of cell adhesion, tumor suppression and angiogenesis. Overexpression of CEACAM 1, 5 and 6 is widely described in several gastrointestinal epithelial tumors. The aim of study was to evaluate the expression of CEACAM 1, CEACAM 5 and CEACAM 6 in the most common precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma -pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Methods and results: The study group consisted of 32 patients treated for chronic pancreatitis and 38 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who also had pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. The expression of CEACAM was performed by immunohistochemical method and evaluated using 3-point scale: 0 - lack of positive reaction in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 1 (weak and moderate) - reaction present in 1-30% epithelial cells in PanIN and 2 (strong) - reaction present in >30% epithelial cells in PanIN. Expression of CEACAM 1, 5 and 6 increased with increasing degree of advancement of PanIN. Differences in expression of CEACAM 1, 5 and 6 between normal pancreatic ducts and different degrees of PanIN were statistically significant (p<0.001). We observed relationship between CEACAM1 expression and localization of PanIN in different parts of the pancreas. Conclusions: CEACAM 1, CEACAM 5 and CEACAM 6 expression appears to be an early event in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Moreover, expression of CEACAM 1, 5 and 6 may represent a useful biomarker that may aid in the identification of precancerous lesions in the pancreas.

CEACAM6’s Role as a Chemoresistance and Prognostic Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer: A Comparison of CEACAM6’s Diagnostic and Prognostic Capabilities with Those of CA19-9 and CEA

“…This is one of the reasons why CP is considered as a precancerous state by some specialists. CEACAM6 expression was already reported in CP tissue samples in several publications, but the number of analysed samples was low [17,34]. It was also identified in CP patients' bile and blood serum [13,35].…”

“…It is very likely that these oncogenic mechanisms associated with CEACAM6 start to take effect very early, since this protein is confirmed to be expressed even at the preneoplastic state of PDAC, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia [13,[16][17][18]. Some of these preneosplastic changes are present in patients with CP [17,[31][32][33]. This is one of the reasons why CP is considered as a precancerous state by some specialists.…”

“…One of the CEACAMs members, CEACAM6, is particularly promising. Research analysis has already shown its potential to be used as a biomarker, even in pancreatic cancer precursor lesions-pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia [13,[16][17][18]. Since increased CEACAM6 expression is associated with a more aggressive subtype of PDAC, it was identified as a prognostic biomarker, also relevant to evaluating the patients' response to chemotherapy [13,16,19,20].…”

Simple Serum Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Protein Biomarkers—Is There Anything in Sight?

“…The early curable PDAC grades do not cause any symptoms and are not visible in routine imaging techniques, such as endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), magnetic resonance (MR), and computer tomography (CT). Therefore, the early detection of pancreatic cancer is difficult and rarely happens [4].…”

Circulating tumor DNA as specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer

“…Аденокарцинома поджелудочной железы (АКПЖ) -злокачественная опухоль, на которую, по статистическим данным, приходится 80 % всех видов новообразований этого органа. В 2018 г. только в Соединенных Штатах и Европе зарегистрировано 133 300 смертей [1,2], обусловленных АКПЖ, которая занимает третье место как причина смерти от рака в США [3]. В России на конец отчетного 2018 г. количество больных со злокачественными образованиями составило 3 762 218, то есть 2,6 % населения страны, из них 19 837 случаев приходится на рак поджелудочной железы.…”