Expression of Cell Division Cycle Protein 45 in Tissue Microarrays and the CDC45 Gene by Bioinformatics Analysis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Patient Outcomes

Abstract

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes a heavy disease burden worldwide. Cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45) and its encoding gene ( CDC45 ) have been studied for a long time, but their expression patterns and roles in liver carcinogenesis and advanced HCC deterioration are still incompletely understood. This study integrated tissue microarray and bioinformatics analyses to explore the expression and clinical value of CDC45 and Cdc45 in HCC. Material/Methods In HCC, the expression and relationships with clinic-pathological parameters of CDC45 and Cdc45 were investigated by integrating the RNA-sequencing data, downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Oncomine databases, and tissue microarray with immunohistochemistry staining. Co-expressed genes and genetic alterations of CDC45 separately obtained from Oncomine and cBioPortal databases were identified to shed light on the potential mechanisms of CDC45 in HCC. Results CDC45 and Cdc45 were both overexpressed in HCC tissues, and the CDC45 level progressively increased from stage I to III. The survival outcomes of the group with high CDC45 expression were significantly worse compared with the group with low expression. Amplification and deep deletion were 2 major significant alteration types in HCC patients, and the outcomes were worse in patients with altered versus unaltered CDC45 . NUDT1 , E2F1 , CCNE2 , MCM5 , and CENPM were identified as the most significantly co-expressed genes. Conclusions CDC45 and Cdc45 were both upregulated in HCC, and increased expression levels and genetic alternations of CDC45 were correlated with worse prognosis in HCC patients. CDC45 may promote HCC by co-expressing with NUDT1 , E2F1 , CCNE2 , MCM5 , and CENPM .

DNA Damage Repair-Related Genes Signature for Immune Infiltration and Outcome in Cervical Cancer

“…Recent study ( Jenkyn-Bedford et al, 2021 ) could have shown that the leucine rich repeat domains of Dia2 and LRR1 are different in structure, but bind to a common site on CMG, including MCM3 and MCM5 zinc finger domains, and LRR-MCM interaction was crucial for the decomposition of replicas, and it is crucial that it is duplicated to exclude DNA chain closure, which lay a structural foundation for inhibiting CMG ubiquitination before termination. Down regulated expression in three negative breast cancer could affect prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity ( Sheng et al, 2021 ), which could also be seen in other cancers ( Lu et al, 2021 ). RNASEH2A (RNase H2 subunit A) was a protein encoding gene, and its RNASEH2A related diseases include Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, associated with cancer progression and cell cycle ( Marsili et al, 2021 ).…”

Identification of Pathologic and Prognostic Genes in Prostate Cancer Based on Database Mining

“…Cell division cycle 45 (CDC45) plays a critical role in DNA replication. CDC45 was reported to be a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) and HCC, but few mechanisms have been found ( Hu et al, 2019 ; Lu et al, 2021 ). In addition, CDC45 was only detected to be potentially correlated with prostate cancer based on co-expression network analysis and functional enrichment analysis, indicating that more empirical evidence was expected to validate the functions of CDC45 in prostate cancer ( Cai J. et al, 2020 ; Wei J. et al, 2020 ; Wang and Yang, 2020 ).…”

Identification of CDK2-Related Immune Forecast Model and ceRNA in Lung Adenocarcinoma, a Pan-Cancer Analysis

“…First, we found CDK2-related Immunomodulators with P -value < 0.05. Next, cBioPortal 14 ( Lu et al, 2021 ) was used to explore the genes related to Immunomodulators. DAVID and STRING 15 ( Zhuang et al, 2021 ) were used to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO), protein interaction of 49 genes.…”