Expression of cancer stem cell markers in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas

Kure, Shoko; Matsuda, Yoko; Hagio, Masahito; Ueda, Junji; Naito, Zenya; Ishiwata, Toshiyuki

doi:10.3892/ijo.2012.1565

Cited by 67 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Markers, such as CD44, CD24, ESA, CD133 and ALDH1, are commonly used to isolate and characterize the cancer stem cell population. However, many pancreatic cancer stem cells may express only one or two known surface markers, which may complicate the development of therapeutic strategies [125,126]. Some possibilities for targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells include disrupting signaling pathways that are active in cancer stem cells, such as Sonic hedgehog, Notch and mTOR, or using immunotherapy [127].…”

Section: • Stem Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Cancer: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

et al. 2016

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Pancreatic cancer is one of our most lethal malignancies. Despite substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Pancreatic cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage and most treatment regimens are ineffective, contributing to the poor overall prognosis. Herein, we review the current understanding of pancreatic cancer, focusing on central aspects of disease management from radiology, surgery and pathology to oncology. Historical remarks & present stateThe first known description of pancreatic cancer is attributed to Giovanni Battista Morgagni in his 1761 publication 'de Sedibus Et Causis Morborum Per Anatomen Indagatis Libri Quinque' [1]. However, the lack of a microscopic evaluation makes the true diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma uncertain. The next important advancement in our understanding of pancreatic cancer did not come until 1858, when Jacob Mendez Da Costa revisited Morgagni's original work and also described the first microscopic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, manifesting pancreatic cancer as a true disease entity [2].The history of pancreatic surgery is fairly recent and involves a combination of brave surgical pioneers, the development of surgical anesthesia and modern aseptic techniques. Some landmarks in the history of pancreatic surgery deserve to be mentioned. The first reported attempt at a pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 1898 by the Italian surgeon Alessandro Codivilla for a tumor involving the head of the pancreas [3]; however, the patient did not survive the postoperative period. In the same year, William Stewart Halsted from Johns Hopkins Hospital performed the first successful resection for ampullary cancer by excising portions of the duodenum and the pancreas [4]. The first successful pancreaticoduodenectomy is credited to the German surgeon Walther Carl Eduard Kausch, as part of a two-stage procedure [5]. In 1914, Georg Hirschel performed the first successful pancreaticoduodenectomy in one stage [6] and then in 1935, Allen Oldfather Whipple presented the results of a two-stage procedure involving the resection of the head of the pancreas and duodenum for ampullary carcinoma at the annual meeting of the American Surgical Association, which renewed interest in pancreatic surgery [7]. During his career, Whipple performed 37 pancreaticoduodenectomies, with the procedure evolving into a one-stage technique [8,9], and 1964-1968 1969-1973 1974-1978 1979-1983 1984-1988 1989-1993 1994-1998 1999-2003 2004-2008 2009-2013 Period of diagnosis Whipple is generally credited with popularizing the operation that still bears his name. In 1937, Alexander Brunschwig performed the first successful pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma [10]. Today, with the concentration of experience in high-volume hospitals, pancreatic surgery has become a safe procedure associated with an operative mortality below 3% [11][12][13]. While major advances have been made ...

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Section: • Stem Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Cancer: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

et al. 2016

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“…Other CSC markers that co-express (CD24 + /CD44 + /EPCAM and CD133 + ) show CSC properties making them often resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. However, complete overlap may not be found between these different CSC markers [22] . Most drugs are unable to eradicate these pancreatic CSCs, and this is postulated to be one of the primary reasons for failure of chemotherapy that will lead to tumor relapse and metastasis.…”

Section: Role Of Csc In Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into pancreatic cancer stem cells

Rao¹,

Mohammed²

2015

WJSC

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been one of the deadliest of all cancers, with almost uniform lethality despite aggressive treatment. Recently, there have been important advances in the molecular, pathological and biological understanding of pancreatic cancer. Even after the emergence of recent new targeted agents and the use of multiple therapeutic combinations, no treatment option is viable in patients with advanced cancer. Developing novel strategies to target progression of PC is of intense interest. A small population of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been found to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CSCs are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. The CSC research has recently achieved much progress in a variety of solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer to some extent. This leads to focus on understanding the role of pancreatic CSCs. The focus on CSCs may offer new targets for prevention and treatment of this deadly cancer. We review the most salient developments in important areas of pancreatic CSCs. Here, we provide a review of current updates and new insights on the role of CSCs in pancreatic tumor progression with special emphasis on DclK1 and Lgr5, signaling pathways altered by CSCs, and the role of CSCs in prevention and treatment of PC.

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“…Pyknotic nuclei or nuclei with basophilic cytoplasm are not thought to distinguish mitosis from apoptosis or degenerative cells [21]. Recently, immunohistochemical determination of proliferating cells using primary antibodies for Ki67, PCNA, or phosphohistone H3 has become popular; however, sometimes there is a discrepancy between mitotic index and Ki67 index [22][23][24]. We believe that this phenomenon represents the frequent mitotic arrest mentioned above.…”

Section: Mitotic Iguresmentioning

confidence: 86%