Expression of calcium-binding proteins and selected neuropeptides in the human, chimpanzee, and crab-eating macaque claustrum

Abstract

The claustrum is present in all mammalian species examined so far and its morphology, chemoarchitecture, physiology, phylogenesis and ontogenesis are still a matter of debate. Several morphologically distinct types of immunostained cells were described in different mammalian species. To date, a comparative study on the neurochemical organization of the human and non-human primates claustrum has not been fully described yet, partially due to technical reasons linked to the postmortem sampling interval. The present study analyze the localization and morphology of neurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), NPY, and somatostatin (SOM) in the claustrum of man (# 5), chimpanzee (# 1) and crab-eating monkey (# 3). Immunoreactivity for the used markers was observed in neuronal cell bodies and processes distributed throughout the anterior-posterior extent of human, chimpanzee and macaque claustrum. Both CR- and PV-immunoreactive (ir) neurons were mostly localized in the central and ventral region of the claustrum of the three species while SOM- and NPY-ir neurons seemed to be equally distributed throughout the ventral-dorsal extent. In the chimpanzee claustrum SOM-ir elements were not observed. No co-localization of PV with CR was found, thus suggesting the existence of two non-overlapping populations of PV and CR-ir interneurons. The expression of most proteins (CR, PV, NPY), was similar in all species. The only exception was the absence of SOM-ir elements in the claustrum of the chimpanzee, likely due to species specific variability. Our data suggest a possible common structural organization shared with the adjacent insular region, a further element that emphasizes a possible common ontogeny of the claustrum and the neocortex.

Differential susceptibility of cortical and subcortical inhibitory neurons and astrocytes in the long term following diffuse traumatic brain injury

“…The NPY antibody recognized and stained soma and processes of neurons and is consistent with the expected distribution of NPY in the rat brain. Its specificity has been reported in previous reports (Marx et al, ; Pirone et al, ).…”

The Claustrum of the Pig: An Immunohistochemical and a Quantitative Golgi Study

“…The PV‐ir neurons, not observed in the rostral sections, were in fact localized in the caudalmost region. This particular pattern was not reported in other species, in which PV‐ir neurons were seen throughout the Cl (rat: Druga et al ., ; monkey: Reynhout & Baizer, ; cat: Hinova‐Palova et al ., ; Rahman and Baizer, ; human: Hinova‐Palova et al ., ; human, chimpanzee, macaque: Pirone et al ., ; dog: Pirone et al ., ). A link between the Cl and the visual cortex has been clearly demonstrated in the cat, in which the postero‐dorsal zone of the nucleus is called the visual Cl, due to its connections with the visual cortex (LeVay & Sherk, ), that also contains PV‐ir neurons (Rahman & Baizer, ), and.…”

Mapping synaptic cortico‐claustral connectivity in the mouse

“…A core-shell organization has been previously proposed for the claustrum (Real et al, 2003;Davila et al, 2005;Hinova-Palova et al, 2007;Rahman and Baizer, 2007;Pirone et al, 2014). This organization has been proposed primarily based on observations that inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin and calretinin were found to be preferentially localized in the central and ventral region of the dorsal claustrum, while a dense plexus of axons form a shell around this core.…”