Expression of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Efferent Vestibular System and Vestibular Nucleus in Rats with Motion Sickness

Wang, Xiaocheng; Shi, Zhongqi; Zhang, Lei; Feng, Lining; Zhang, Zuoming

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047308

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Present results show that the consumption of SS reduced considerably in the group G3 after rotation when compared to the control group (G1, no rotation), thus validating our protocol for induction of sickness. Our results are comparable to previous studies where Wistar rats and CTA were used for the MS studies and showed decreased SS consumption after rotation when compared to before rotation 13 whereas this is the first study for standardizing a model for MS using Balb/c mice and dancing shaker with angular motion, which is easy to handle and readily quantifiable with the CTA as evident from the results. This method can be used as a standard model for induction of MS and the development of MS drugs.…”

Section: Bsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…EVN was previously considered to be cholinergic, but new evidence show the presence of both CGRP and choline acetyltransferase. CGRP is a protein present in the efferent vestibular system and the expression of CGRP in the vestibular nucleus increases during MS 13 , thus suggesting that CGRP probably plays a role during MS which has to be further investigated. It is clear from the results depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Untitled

2019

IJPSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motion sickness (MS) is a conflict between visual and vestibular system leading to nausea and vomiting. The present study aimed to standardize a method to induce MS in Balb/c mice model. Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) utilizing saccharin solution (SS) was used as MS index. Mice were divided into three groups (n=6); group 1 (G1), group 2 (G2) and group 3 (G3). Two bottle test [TBT, both bottles consists of either drinking water (DW) or SS] and two bottle choice test (TBCT, one bottle comprises of DW and other SS) were performed. G2 and G3 experienced rotation for 15, 30 and 45 min using a dancing shaker whereas G1 received no rotation. The consumption of SS before and after MS induction was recorded. Acetylcholine esterase and cortisol levels were detected in mice brain, and HPLC-ECD detected plasma samples and neurotransmitters. It was found that the rotation of 30 min resulted in a significant reduction in the SS consumption in the G3 group when compared to G1, thus indicating that the sickness is induced. Acetylcholine esterase (0.033 µmol/min/mg), histamine, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 3089.38 ng/g tissue) and cortisol (62.81 pg/ml) levels were increased in G2 and G3 groups when compared to G1. HPLC results show that levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine increase, whereas serotonin decreases in the G2, G3. Hence, this study validates the use of this MS model for further mechanistic studies related to motion sickness to develop anti-motion sickness food supplements. QUICK RESPONSE CODE

show abstract

Section: Bsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJPSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tissue sections were examined using a Leica DMLB microscope fitted with a ProgRes C14 camera (Jentopix, Jena Germany). The cell bodies of CGRP and ChAT positive neurons were identified on the basis of location and CGRP/ChAT labelling [ 21 , 26 ]. The total unbiased cell number in the vestibular efferent nucleus was determined as follows: all nucleoli in CGRP/CV positive neurons were counted by eye using a 40x objective, focussing through the 40 μm sections to ensure the identification of the nucleolus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efferent Vestibular Neurons Show Homogenous Discharge Output But Heterogeneous Synaptic Input Profile In Vitro

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the importance of our sense of balance we still know remarkably little about the central control of the peripheral balance system. While previous work has shown that activation of the efferent vestibular system results in modulation of afferent vestibular neuron discharge, the intrinsic and synaptic properties of efferent neurons themselves are largely unknown. Here we substantiate the location of the efferent vestibular nucleus (EVN) in the mouse, before characterizing the input and output properties of EVN neurons in vitro. We made transverse serial sections through the brainstem of 4-week-old mice, and performed immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), both expressed in the EVN of other species. We also injected fluorogold into the posterior canal and retrogradely labelled neurons in the EVN of ChAT:: tdTomato mice expressing tdTomato in all cholinergic neurons. As expected the EVN lies dorsolateral to the genu of the facial nerve (CNVII). We then made whole-cell current-, and voltage-clamp recordings from visually identified EVN neurons. In current-clamp, EVN neurons display a homogeneous discharge pattern. This is characterized by a high frequency burst of action potentials at the onset of a depolarizing stimulus and the offset of a hyperpolarizing stimulus that is mediated by T-type calcium channels. In voltage-clamp, EVN neurons receive either exclusively excitatory or inhibitory inputs, or a combination of both. Despite this heterogeneous mixture of inputs, we show that synaptic inputs onto EVN neurons are predominantly excitatory. Together these findings suggest that the inputs onto EVN neurons, and more specifically the origin of these inputs may underlie EVN neuron function.

show abstract

“…Because in recent times monoclonal anti-CGRP antibodies have been approved for migraine prevention, the question arises as to whether they might be effective in VM sufferers. Theoretically, they could play a role in vestibular physiology, because CGRP is also detected in human cochlear and vestibular end organs, and possibly plays a role in motion sickness [90,91]. But as yet there is too little data on this topic.…”

Section: Vestibular Migraine Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular migraine — an underdiagnosed cause of vertigo. Diagnosis and treatment

Nowaczewska

2020

Neurol Neurochir Pol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Migraine and vertigo are two common conditions. The main disorder connecting both these entities is vestibular migraine (VM). State of the art. VM may affect 1-3% of the general population. It is a disabling disease of recurrent attacks of vestibular symptoms accompanied by migraine features which occur in patients with a current or previous history of migraine. The episodes can last minutes, hours or even days, and may occur without any concurrent headache, which can prompt misdiagnosis. VM often begins several years after a typical migraine, and the delay between onset of headache and vertigo may be long. The diagnosis is based on the patient's clinical history and can be challenging due to the lack of an established confirmatory diagnostic test or biomarkers. The mechanism of vestibular migraine remains unclear and is still under investigation, but it seems to be an interaction between trigeminal and vestibular systems. Due to the lack of specific trials, treatment recommendations are based on migraine guidelines. Several drugs seem to be effective, although there have been few randomised controlled trials in this area. Regardless of the published strict and detailed diagnostic criteria, this condition remains little known, and as a consequence is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Clinical implications. Efforts should be made to educate medical communities and patients about this disease and to encourage neurologists and ENT specialists to cooperate. Every patient with vertigo of unknown origin should be directly asked about a past or present history of migraine, or migraine symptoms experienced during their vertigo episodes. Future directions. There is a growing need for studies regarding the pathophysiology of VM as well as randomised trials to establish clear treatment recommendations and to improve management of this surprisingly common disorder.

show abstract

Expression of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Efferent Vestibular System and Vestibular Nucleus in Rats with Motion Sickness

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Efferent Vestibular Neurons Show Homogenous Discharge Output But Heterogeneous Synaptic Input Profile In Vitro

Vestibular migraine — an underdiagnosed cause of vertigo. Diagnosis and treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About