Expression of Ca2+-Binding Buffer Proteins in the Human and Mouse Retinal Neurons

Kovács-Öller, Tamás; Szarka, Gergely; Ganczer, Alma; Tengölics, Ádám J; Balogh, Boglárka; Völgyi, Béla

doi:10.3390/ijms20092229

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Our data indicate that vGlut2, together with Calretinin and Calbindin, marks group Ia MS afferents. The expression of Calretinin and Calbindin group Ia MS afferents is not surprising given that both molecules are often observed to regulate Ca 2+ -homeostasis in highly active neurons 53 . However, the observation that adult group Ia MS afferents also prominently express vGlut2, in addition to vGlut1, was unexpected, given that vGlut2 (unlike vGlut1) is barely detectable in Ia afferent central terminals 54 , 55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular correlates of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents

et al. 2021

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Proprioceptive feedback mainly derives from groups Ia and II muscle spindle (MS) afferents and group Ib Golgi tendon organ (GTO) afferents, but the molecular correlates of these three afferent subtypes remain unknown. We performed single cell RNA sequencing of genetically identified adult proprioceptors and uncovered five molecularly distinct neuronal clusters. Validation of cluster-specific transcripts in dorsal root ganglia and skeletal muscle demonstrates that two of these clusters correspond to group Ia MS afferents and group Ib GTO afferent proprioceptors, respectively, and suggest that the remaining clusters could represent group II MS afferents. Lineage analysis between proprioceptor transcriptomes at different developmental stages provides evidence that proprioceptor subtype identities emerge late in development. Together, our data provide comprehensive molecular signatures for groups Ia and II MS afferents and group Ib GTO afferents, enabling genetic interrogation of the role of individual proprioceptor subtypes in regulating motor output.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular correlates of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents

et al. 2021

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“…Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, which may function as an environmental sensor in the skin [ 85 , 86 ]. Calcium-binding proteins serve to transport Ca 2+ , in buffering and enzymatic systems, in cytoskeletal organization, cell motility, and differentiation [ 87 , 88 , 89 ]. The biological role of these substances has been studied in various systems; however, their role in the context of ECCs remains uninvestigated.…”

Section: Epidermal Club Cells In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis

Pandey

Stockwell

Snider

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Epidermal club cells (ECCs), along with mucus cells, are present in the skin of many fishes, particularly in the well-studied Ostariophysan family Cyprinidae. Most ECC-associated literature has focused on the potential role of ECCs as a component of chemical alarm cues released passively when a predator damages the skin of its prey, alerting nearby prey to the presence of an active predator. Because this warning system is maintained by receiver-side selection (senders are eaten), there is want of a mechanism to confer fitness benefits to the individual that invests in ECCs to explain their evolutionary origin and maintenance in this speciose group of fishes. In an attempt to understand the fitness benefits that accrue from investment in ECCs, we reviewed the phylogenetic distribution of ECCs and their histochemical properties. ECCs are found in various forms in all teleost superorders and in the chondrostei inferring either early or multiple independent origins over evolutionary time. We noted that ECCs respond to several environmental stressors/immunomodulators including parasites and pathogens, are suppressed by immunomodulators such as testosterone and cortisol, and their density covaries with food ration, demonstrating a dynamic metabolic cost to maintaining these cells. ECC density varies widely among and within fish populations, suggesting that ECCs may be a convenient tool with which to assay ecoimmunological tradeoffs between immune stress and foraging activity, reproductive state, and predator–prey interactions. Here, we review the case for ECC immune function, immune functions in fishes generally, and encourage future work describing the precise role of ECCs in the immune system and life history evolution in fishes.

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“…RGCs in the mammalian retina have been described previously as heterogeneous populations for all three examined CaBPs (reviewed in [1]). Therefore, none of them can be utilized effectively as a subtype-specific RGC marker in retinal morphology studies.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous IHC/cell injection studies [11,12,26], one may conclude that besides the few RGC types that were not CaBP+ or shown expressing only one of the three CaBPs, most were dual-or triple-stained [1]. However, the authors also stated that only a certain ratio of a single RGC subtype expressed a given CaBP (e.g., 23.83% of ON-OFF directionally selective RGCs were CaB+, 31.58% CaR+, and only 11.59% PV+).…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vision is the most important perception modality for humans, however, it is still not entirely known how the Ca 2+ homeostasis of neurons in the visual signaling axis is controlled by the various neuronal Ca 2+ -buffer proteins (CaBPs). One of the most extensively studied brain loci in this regard is the mammalian retina where expression of CaBPs has been described in many different neuron populations of various model animals [1] and also in a human specimen [2]. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) serve as the only output of the retina, and besides simple integration of the converging inputs, they preprocess information prior to relaying it to higher visual brain centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Expression Pattern of the Major Ca2+-Buffer Proteins in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Kovács-Öller

Szarka

Tengölics

et al. 2020

Cells

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The most prevalent Ca2+-buffer proteins (CaBPs: parvalbumin—PV; calbindin—CaB; calretinin—CaR) are widely expressed by various neurons throughout the brain, including the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Even though their retinal expression has been extensively studied, a coherent assessment of topographical variations is missing. To examine this, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) in mouse retinas. We found variability in the expression levels and cell numbers for CaR, with stronger and more numerous labels in the dorso-central area. CaBP+ cells contributed to RGCs with all soma sizes, indicating heterogeneity. We separated four to nine RGC clusters in each area based on expression levels and soma sizes. Besides the overall high variety in cluster number and size, the peripheral half of the temporal retina showed the greatest cluster number, indicating a better separation of RGC subtypes there. Multiple labels showed that 39% of the RGCs showed positivity for a single CaBP, 30% expressed two CaBPs, 25% showed no CaBP expression, and 6% expressed all three proteins. Finally, we observed an inverse relation between CaB and CaR expression levels in CaB/CaR dual- and CaB/CaR/PV triple-labeled RGCs, suggesting a mutual complementary function.

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Expression of Ca2+-Binding Buffer Proteins in the Human and Mouse Retinal Neurons

Cited by 20 publications

References 153 publications

Molecular correlates of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents

Molecular correlates of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents

Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis

Spatial Expression Pattern of the Major Ca2+-Buffer Proteins in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

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