Expression of Anthocyanins in Callus Cultures of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait)

Abstract

Expression of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in callus cultures established from different parts of cranberry plant was investigated and the effect of explant source on the in vitro product was determined. Callus cultures were initiated from different parts of the plant in a modified Gamborg's medium with 5.37 pM o-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.45 pM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2.32 pM kinetin in the dark at 25°C. Callus cultures accumulated anthocyanins only on exposure to light and maximum concentration was observed by day 12. The cultures had lower levels of anthocyanins and only cyanidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-arabinoside were identified in all cultures regardless of source of explant. Proanthocyanidin accumulation in cultures was independent of light, and levels were higher than in mature fruit. Exposure to light induced accumulation of flavonols and enhanced activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the cultures.

Callus Induction and Cellular Suspensions from Murtilla (<i>Ugni molinae</i> Turcz.) for <i>trans</i>-resveratrol Production

“…and Vaccinium phalae (ohelo) (Madhavi et al, 1995;Fang et al, 1999). This allowed the subsequent development of suspension culture to produce anthocianins.…”

“…Some authors have explained that this phenomenon may be due to the attribution of abiotic or biotic stress factors from the surrounding environment, time of harvesting, climatic conditions, geographic origin, plant development and even crop type (organic, wild or agricultural) (Vitrac et al, 2002;Li et al, 2006). The comparative studies between in vivo and in vitro material (calli) to quantify secondary metabolites have been conducted for species like Vaccinium macrosporum and Buddleja cordata (Madhavi et al, 1995;Estrada-Zuniga et al, 2009). Presently, however, very few successful examples of the commercial application of cellular suspensions exist due to the low biosynthesis of the compound, differentiation and compartmentalization of cells, lack of developing organelles, unstable cellular lines and the difficulty of scaling production (Kolewe et al, 2008;Estrada-Zuniga et al, 2009).…”

Compositions of Anthocyanin and Other Flavonoids in Cultured Cells of Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade cv. Tifhlue)

“…HAMAMATSU et al Peak No. (a) tR ( was reported for cranberry (V macrocarpon Ait) callus derived from leaf, stem and fruit, whereas fruit produced Pn 3-gal, Cy 3-gal, Cy 3-ara, Pn 3-ara and Pn 3-glc as major pigments (Madhavi et al, 1995); in bilberry (V myrtillus) callus derived from hypocotyl, Cy 3-glycosides (gal, glc and ara) were produced, while fruit produced another 6 major components and 4 minor ones (Madhavi et al, 1998).…”

“…Anthocyanin production was reported for the cultured cells of grape (Yamakawa et al, 1983, Do & Cormier, 1991, blueberry (Nawa et al, 1993), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) (Madhavi et al, 1995), bilberry (Madhavi et al, 1998), strawberry (Asano et al, 2002) and Vaccinium pahalae (Meyer et al, 2002). Koda et al reported formation of blue pigment by Clerodendron trichotomum callus (1992), and formation of red pigment by perilla and their utilization as food colors (1993).…”

“…HAMAMATSU et al Peak No. (a) tR ( was reported for cranberry (V macrocarpon Ait) callus derived from leaf, stem and fruit, whereas fruit produced Pn 3-gal, Cy 3-gal, Cy 3-ara, Pn 3-ara and Pn 3-glc as major pigments (Madhavi et al, 1995); in bilberry (V myrtillus) callus derived from hypocotyl, Cy 3-glycosides (gal, glc and ara) were produced, while fruit produced another 6 major components and 4 minor ones (Madhavi et al, 1998).A difference in anthocyanin composition between the cultured cells and intact organs was reported also for Shikinari strawberry, that is, suspension cultured cells produced Pn 3-Glc (70.0%) and Cy 3-Glc (15.0%) (Mori et al, 1993), while fruits produced pelargonidin and Cy glycosides as main components. In Nyoho strawberry suspension culture, one cell line produced Cy 3-glc (61 .5%) and Pn 3-glc (19.0%), and another cell line produced Cy 3-glc (23.2%) and Pn 3-glc (55.0%), respectively, whereas the fruits produced pelargonidin 3-glc (57.5%), Cy 3-glc (3.5%), …”