Expression of androgen receptors in triple negative breast carcinomas

Mrklić, Ivana; Pogorelić, Zenon; Čapkun, Vesna; Tomić, Snježana

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2012.09.006

Cited by 103 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In some studies, AR does not predict survival in TNBCs (Gonzalez-Angulo et al 2009, Micello et al 2010, McNamara et al 2013a). However, in other studies, AR expression in TNBCs is associated with a better disease-free and overall survival as well as other favourable tumour characteristics such as lower grade, lower mitotic score, less frequent metastasis and tumour recurrence (Rakha et al 2007, Loibl et al 2011, He et al 2012, Mrklic et al 2012, Tang et al 2012, McNamara et al 2013a as well as improved response to some chemotherapeutic agents in vitro (Koo et al 2009). Three studies specifically investigating TNBCs were included in the meta-analysis, which showed that AR expression was associated with worse overall survival but had no significant effect on disease-free survival (Qu et al 2013).…”

Section: Era-negative Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexities of androgen receptor signalling in breast cancer

McNamara¹,

Moore²,

Hickey³

et al. 2014

Endocrine-Related Cancer

123

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While the clinical benefit of androgen-based therapeutics in breast cancer has been known since the 1940s, we have only recently begun to fully understand the mechanisms of androgen action in breast cancer. Androgen signalling pathways can have either beneficial or deleterious effects in breast cancer depending on the breast cancer subtype and intracellular context. This review discusses our current knowledge of androgen signalling in breast cancer, including the relationship between serum androgens and breast cancer risk, the prognostic significance of androgen receptor (AR) expression in different breast cancer subtypes and the downstream molecular pathways mediating androgen action in breast cancer cells. Intracrine androgen metabolism has also been discussed and proposed as a potential mechanism that may explain some of the reported differences regarding dichotomous androgen actions in breast cancers. A better understanding of AR signalling in this disease is critical given the current resurgence in interest in utilising contemporary AR-directed therapies for breast cancer and the need for biomarkers that will accurately predict clinical response.

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Section: Era-negative Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexities of androgen receptor signalling in breast cancer

McNamara¹,

Moore²,

Hickey³

et al. 2014

Endocrine-Related Cancer

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…59,60 Moinfar et al 61 found AR expression in 90% of grade 1 invasive breast cancers compared with 47% of grade 3 invasive breast carcinomas and concluded that AR is the most frequently expressed marker even among high-grade breast carcinomas. Although the reported expression rate for AR has varied widely-probably because of different cutoff points [13][14][15][16][17]59,62 used in various studies-it has been suggested that its expression in TNBC has prognostic value.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Targetable Androgen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Subtype Hidden Among the Triple-Negative Cancers

Safarpour

Tavassoli

2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subgroup of breast cancers that by definition lack expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). A diverse group of tumors, TNBC shares some morphologic and molecular features with basal-like breast cancer, a category of breast cancer defined by gene expression profiling. More likely to occur in young women and African Americans, TNBCs may exhibit aggressive behavior and are associated with poor prognosis despite their initial response to conventional chemotherapy. Because hormonal or HER2-targeted therapies are ineffective for these tumors, the main therapeutic option is systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, identification of new targets for therapy is urgently needed for this group. Objective To review and present recent literature along with our own experience regarding the clinical and morphologic characteristics and the prevalence of androgen receptor (AR) expression in TNBC, and to discuss the potential use of AR as a therapeutic target for AR+ TNBC. Data Sources Data sources are published articles from peer-reviewed journals in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine). Conclusions AR is the most commonly expressed hormone receptor among all breast carcinomas, with a prevalence of 25% to 75% among TNBCs. Therefore, we strongly support the routine assessment of AR in TNBC, and preferably in all breast carcinomas.

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“…Depending on the methodology and study population, AR positivity in breast carcinomas has been reported ranging from 50% to 90%, with the similar staining intensity as ER [11][12][13] . While most of the ER-positive breast carcinomas are also positive for AR [14] , AR is also positive in some of the triple negative and high grade breast carcinomas, even though the reported percentage is considerably variable among different studies (ranging from 0-53%) [11,12,[14][15][16][17] . Furthermore, studies have shown that the AR expression in breast carcinomas is clinically relevant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, studies have shown that the AR expression in breast carcinomas is clinically relevant. It has been reported that AR positivity is associated with favorable tumor differentiation (such as lower Bloom-Richardson grade, lower Ki67 labeling index, etc) and lower tumor burden [14,15,18] . In addition, AR expression has been shown to correlate with a better clinical outcome in ER-positive tumors [13,[18][19][20] , although this correlation may not always be obvious in ER negative tumors [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] , in part because of the insensitivity of AR-positive only tumors to routine chemotherapy compared to triple-negative and AR-negative tumors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%