Expression of aberrant antigens in hematological malignancies: A single center experience

Abstract

Background and Objective:Aberrant phenotype is a phenomenon of abnormal expression or loss of expression of cell specific lineage marker not associated with specific cell type. Aberrant phenotype expression due to genetic defects may be associated with unfavorable outcome. It can be used to determine minimal residual disease status. The purpose of the study was to find out the occurrence of aberrant phenotypes in leukemia/lymphoma patients.Methods:One milliliter peripheral blood or bone marrow samples were analyzed on FACS Calibur flowcytometer. The cells were lysed and stained following standard protocol. Data was acquired and analyzed by CellQuest-Pro software. The Antigenic expression was rated as positive when the percentage of positive blast cells was ≥ 20%. In that manner, aberrant phenotype was considered positive when 20% of blast cells show expression of markers.Results:Of a total 145 cases analyzed, 26 were acute myeloid leukemia, 71 of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 48 were of Chronic Lymphoid leukemia on the basis of morphological features and confirmed by flow cytometry. Overall, 19% (28) cases showed aberrant expression of antigens. In 32% (9/28) AML patients, CD5, CD7, CD64dim, CD10, CD117, CD25 and TdT were expressed while in 25% (7/28) ALL patients CD33, CD13, HLA-DR and CD3 were detected. Among chronic leukemia, all aberrant expressions were seen in cases of B-CLL (10/28) only; with CD11c, CD3 and CD10 as the aberrantly expressed markers.Conclusion:Variability in aberrant phenotype expression was observed in different types of acute and chronic leukemia patients with no prognostic implications on treatment response.

Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Cell Sensitivity to Chemotherapy Detected In Vitro on Treatment Response and Survival of Leukemia Patients

“…For patients with primary AML, moderate correlations between the therapy response and sensitivity of tumor cells to daunorubicin ( r = 0.52), but not to doxorubicin ( r = −0.25) and cytarabine ( r = −0.06), were found (Figure 3A). As expected in this cohort, moderate correlations between the therapy response and expression in tumor cells of a number of immunological markers of T-lymphocytes, which reflects an aberrant immunophenotype for leukemia with myeloid origin and may be associated with unfavorable outcomes [39,40], were found: CD2 ( r = 0.32), CD3 ( r = 0.44), and CD5 ( r = 0.57) (Figure 3A). Statistically significant relationships between the therapy response and immunological markers of cell immaturity, an expression of which is associated with poor prognosis [39,41] (HLA-DR, r = 0.13 and TdT, r = 0.40), were also found (Figure 3A).…”

“…Next, we separately analyzed the relationships between the drug sensitivity of tumor cells of patients with primary AML and the expression of lymphoid (T- and B-) and immature markers as well as the proliferation marker, Ki-67, which are indicators of an unfavorable prognosis for leukemia [39,40,41,42]. Resistance of tumor cells to doxorubicin correlated only with the expression of one T-cell marker, CD2 ( r = 0.51), whereas resistance to daunorubicin correlated directly with the expression of several T-cell markers (CD2, r = 0.16; CD3, r = 0.38; CD7, r = 0.07; and CD11c, r = 0.41), and the natural killer (NK) cell marker, CD56 ( r = 0.50).…”

“…Statistical relationships between the therapy response and the sensitivity to anthracyclines were not revealed. Also, in this cohort, correlations between the therapy response and the expression in tumor cells of myeloid markers, the presence of which reflects an aberrant immunophenotype for leukemia with lymphoid origins [39,40], were found: Moderate correlations with CD33 ( r = 0.38) and CD15 ( r = 0.41); and weak correlations with CD117 ( r = 0.25) and CD65 ( r = 0.29) (Figure 3B). Correlations between the therapy response and the immaturity markers, which are the most useful ways of detecting minimal residual disease and predicting relapse in ALL [49], were also found: A strong correlation with CD34 ( r = 0.76) and a moderate correlation with HLA-DR ( r = 0.65) and TdT ( r = 0.33).…”

A review on the Role of FLT3/FL System in Non- Hodgkins Lymphoma

“…They were categorized according to the expression as myeloid cells; CD13, CD15, CD33 and Stem cells; CD34, CD117 (Barber et al,2019). Demonstrating cluster differentiation (CD) antigen on hemopoietic cells is a well recommended method to identify their type (Shahni et al, 2018;Naeim,2009). It has been investigated the presence of abnormal CD antigens on bone marrow cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).…”

“…It has been investigated the presence of abnormal CD antigens on bone marrow cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). For example, aberrantly expression of antigens was detected in 32% of AML patients: CD5, CD7, CD64dim, CD10, CD117, CD25, TdT, 25% of ALL patients; CD3, CD13, CD33, HLA-DR, 36% of B CLL patients; CD11c, CD3 and CD10 (Shahni et al, 2018). Promyelocytic leukemia a subtype of AML has expressed CD9 and CD117 (Paietta et al, 2004).…”