Expression of a transforming gene (E5) of bovine papillomavirus in sarcoids obtained from horses

Carr, Elizabeth A.; Théon, Alain P; Madewell, Bruce R.; Hitchcock, Margaret E.; Schlegel, Richard; Schiller, John T.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1212

Cited by 87 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In more recent years, PCRbased detection methods offering greater sensitivity have been used to demonstrate the presence of BPV DNA in sarcoids. The reported detection rate varies between study groups, from 73 (Bloch et al, 1994) to 88-91 (Martens et al, 2001a, b) and 96-100 % (Carr et al, 2001a, b;Otten et al, 1993). This variation may be attributable to differences in tumour collection methodology, as the lowest rates of detection are seen in studies using tumours stored in formaldehyde for long periods of time.…”

Section: Bpv As the Causative Agent Of Sarcoidsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Both BPV types 1 and 2 have been detected in sarcoid tumours with the predominant types varying between studies. BPV DNA has not been detected in samples obtained from horses without sarcoids or in non-sarcoid equine tumours or equine papillomas (Otten et al, 1993;Nasir et al, 1997;Carr et al, 2001a, b). However, it has been found in some cases of dermatitis and the significance of this is as yet unknown (Angelos et al, 1991;unpublished observations).…”

Section: Bpv As the Causative Agent Of Sarcoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reid et al (1994) found two minor differences in the sequence of the BPV E5 open reading frame in donkey sarcoids compared with the published bovine sequences. However, another report suggests absolute identity between the BPV E5 sequences in sarcoids and the published BPV sequences (Carr et al, 2001a).…”

Section: Bpv As the Causative Agent Of Sarcoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid

Chambers

Ellsmore

O’Brien

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

186

180

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The equine sarcoid, a locally aggressive, fibroblastic skin tumour, is the most common dermatological neoplasm reported in horses; there is no consistently effective therapy. It is widely accepted that bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 are associated with the pathogenesis of sarcoid disease. Most sarcoids appear to contain detectable viral DNA and RNA and are also known to express the BPV types 1 and 2 major transforming protein, E5, but appear not to produce infectious virions. While the mode of transmission of infection has not been elucidated, viral gene expression, in particular of E5, may contribute to virus persistence and disease pathogenesis by downregulating MHC class I expression. Here, the pathology and epidemiology of the sarcoid and its association with BPV is reviewed; the transforming functions of the BPV oncoproteins and their possible role in sarcoid pathogenesis are discussed; and the practical implications of BPV infection for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are considered.

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Section: Bpv As the Causative Agent Of Sarcoidsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Bpv As the Causative Agent Of Sarcoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid

Chambers

Ellsmore

O’Brien

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

186

180

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“…26,29,34 In subsequent work, Southern blots were used to identify BPV1 or BPV2 genome(s) within tumor tissue, 1,2,19,38 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based surveys routinely demonstrate that up to 100% of sarcoids contain BPV DNA. [12][13][14]23,24,27,38,39 A limited number of studies have been designed to investigate the role of BPV in cellular transformation in equine tissue. These studies have identified early and late gene transcripts in at least a subset of naturally occurring sarcoids indicating the initiation of viral transcription and replication.…”

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confidence: 99%

Localization of Bovine Papillomavirus Nucleic Acid in Equine Sarcoids

et al. 2015

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Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV1/BPV2) have long been associated with equine sarcoids; deciphering their contribution has been difficult due to their ubiquitous presence on skin and in the environment, as well as the lack of decent techniques to interrogate their role in pathogenesis. We have developed and characterized an in situ hybridization (ISH) assay that uses a pool of probes complementary to portions of the E5, E6, and E7 genes. This assay is highly sensitive for direct visualization of viral transcript and nucleic acid in routinely processed histopathologic samples. We demonstrate here the visualization of BPV nucleic acid in 18 of 18 equine sarcoids, whereas no detectable viral DNA was present in 15 of 15 nonsarcoid controls by this technique. In nearly 90% (16/18) of the sarcoids, 50% or more of the fibroblastic cell nuclei distributed throughout the neoplasm had detectable hybridization. In the remaining 2 cases, fewer than half of the fibroblastic cells contained detectable hybridization, but viral nucleic acid was also detected in epithelial cells of the sebaceous glands, hair follicles and epidermis. A sensitive ISH assay is an indispensable addition to the molecular methods used to detect viral nucleic acid in tissue. We have used this technique to determine the specific cellular localization and distribution of BPV in a subset of equine sarcoids.

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“…20 In these cases, virion production is considered limited to infected cells within the overlying epithelium. 4,[10][11][12]47 Papillomaviruses are most notable for causing cutaneous papillomas or warts with hyperplasia of the statum spinosum and/or neoplasia of the cutaneous stratified epithelium. 26,32 The viruses are also capable of causing lesions in the alimentary tract and within oral mucosa in the case of bovine (Bos taurus) papillomavirus 4 4 and canine (Canis familiaris) oral papillomavirus, 9 respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus in a Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) With Viral Production in Cartilage

Gaynor

Fish

Duerr³

et al. 2014

Vet Pathol

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We report the identification of a novel papillomavirus, Fulmarus glacialis papillomavirus 1 (FgPV1), present within an interdigital foot mass of a Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). The mass of interest was composed of normal stratified and keratinized epithelium and dense mesenchymal cells with central cartilaginous islands. Within the nuclei of many chondrocytes were loose aggregates or paracrystalline arrays of virions approximately 50 nm in size. Degenerate polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the virus as a putative papillomavirus, and the entire viral genome of 8132 base pairs was subsequently amplified and sequenced. Analysis revealed canonical papillomavirus architecture, including the early open reading frames E6, E7, E1, and E2 and the 2 late proteins L1 and L2. FgPV1 is most closely related to a cluster of avian and reptilian papillomaviruses as visualized by phylogenetic trees. This observation suggests that papillomavirus virion production can occur in mesenchymal cells. Keywords birds, histocytochemistry, chondrocytes, papillomavirus infections, inclusion bodies-viral, transmission electron microscopy, genome-viralThe Papillomaviridae family continues to expand with the ongoing discovery of previously unidentified species occupying over 30 different genera. 46 Avian papillomaviruses have been described in more than 12 avian species and 6 orders 27 since the 1970s. 28,33 In that time, only 3 have been fully sequenced: Francolinus leucoscepus papillomavirus 1 (FlPV1), Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus (PePV), and Fringilla coelebs papillomavirus (FcPV).31,41,44 Among species described so far, avian papillomaviruses and mammalian papillomaviruses share epitheliotropism and similar tissue distribution. In psittacines, virus has been detected in intestinal mucosal cells, 13,16,19,23,27,30,40 nasolacrimal epithelium, 13,16,22 and oral mucosa at the commissure of beaks. 22There is also a report of papillomavirus-associated growths on the legs and feet of two related finch species, Fringilla. coelebs and Fringilla montifringilla. 31 To date, there have been no reports of papillomaviruses or any neoplastic lesions in free-ranging seabirds despite the identification of papillomaviruses in numerous marine mammals, 5,35 including dolphins, 36,37 porpoises, 43 and sea turtles. 18Regardless of host species, productive papillomavirus infection (formation of infectious particles) has been invariably tied to the terminal differentiation of epithelial cells. A small number of papillomaviruses are capable of infecting and transforming fibroblasts, but these infections are considered nonproductive. The members of the Deltapapillomavirus genus such as bovine (Bos taurus) papillomaviruses 1 and 2 (BPV1, BPV2), for example, can infect fibroblasts in cattle, horses, and cats and is associated with transformation in these cells, causing the formation of fibropapillomas, also known as sarcoids in nonbovid species. 20 In these cases, virion production is considered limited to infected cells within the o...

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Expression of a transforming gene (E5) of bovine papillomavirus in sarcoids obtained from horses

Cited by 87 publications

References 41 publications

Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid

Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid

Localization of Bovine Papillomavirus Nucleic Acid in Equine Sarcoids

Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus in a Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) With Viral Production in Cartilage

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