Expression, microsomal and mitochondrial activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes in brain regions from control and phenobarbital-treated rabbits

Effect of β-naphthoflavone on AhR-regulated genes (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2S1, Nrf2, and GST) and antioxidant enzymes in various brain regions of pig

“…NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity was detected only in microsomes (216 ± 44 nmol/min/mg protein), with levels lower than those shown in rodents (Marini et al, 2007;Upadhya et al, 2002) but comparable to that observed in human (Ghersi-Egea et al, 1993). In contrast, the microsomal fraction showed a certain contamination with mitochondria as the cytochrome c oxidase activity in microsomes was 3.1 ± 0.1 nmol/min/mg protein, i.e.…”

“…The obtained brain microvessels were checked by optical microscope, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 • C. Liver and brain microvessels microsomes were prepared according to Longo et al (1991). Microsomes and non-synaptosomal mitochondria were isolated from brain cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, hippocampus and meninges as previously described by Marini et al (2007).…”

“…Most of the studies on expression/activity of cerebral AhRregulated drug metabolism genes were performed in rodents (Perrin et al, 1990;Schilter and Omiecinski, 1993;Morse et al, 1998;Shimada et al, 2003;Marini et al, 2007) or, more rarely, on human autoptic samples (Chinta et al, 2005;Ghersi-Egea et al, 1993). Up to now, however, there is yet little consistency among reports on this topic.…”

Cytochrome P450–mediated drug metabolism in the brain

“…147 In contrast, in rabbits, phenobarbital treatment increases CYP2B RNA and protein in the liver, but neither RNA nor protein are affected in the brain. 148 Like phenobarbital, nicotine treatment increases CYP2B RNA and protein in the rat brain, suggesting transcriptional regulation, 51 but nicotine increases CYP2D and CYP2E1 protein only, with no accompanying increase in RNA. 45,121 The expression or induction of many CYPs is regulated by nuclear receptors, such as the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).…”

Involvement of pregnane xenobiotic receptor in mating-induced allopregnanolone formation in the midbrain and hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus among female rats

“…PXR has been identified in the brain across many species (e.g. humans, pigs, rabbits, and rodents; Bauer et al, 2004; Frye, 2011; Lamba et al, 2004; Marini et al, 2007; Mellon et. al.…”