Expression levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands CXCL1 and CXCL3 as prognostic biomarkers in rectal adenocarcinoma: evidence from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analyses

Abstract

Rectal cancer is a life-threatening disease worldwide. Chemotherapy resistance is common in rectal adenocarcinoma patients and has unfavorable survival outcomes; however, its related molecular mechanisms remain unknown. To identify genes related to the initiation and progression of rectal adenocarcinoma, three datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. In total, differentially expressed genes were analyzed from 294 tumor and 277 paracarcinoma samples from patients with rectal cancer. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functions were investigated. Cytoscape software and MicroRNA Enrichment Turned Network were applied to construct a protein-protein interaction network of the dependent hub genes and related microRNAs. The Oncomine database was used to identify hub genes. Additionally, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was applied to determine the RNA expression level. Tumor immune infiltration was assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database. The expression profiles of hub genes between stages, and their prognostic value, were also evaluated. During this study, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were utilized. In rectal adenocarcinoma, four hub genes including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and GNG4 were highly expressed at the gene and RNA levels. The expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 was regulated by has-miR-1-3p and had a strong positive correlation with macrophage and neutrophil. CXCL2 and CXCL3 were differentially expressed at different tumor stages. High expression levels of CXCL1 and CXCL3 predicted poor survival. In conclusion, the CXCL1 and CXCL3 genes may have potential for prognosis and molecular targeted therapy of rectal adenocarcinoma.

Changes in Tumor Immune Microenvironment after Radiotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: A Narrative Review

“…Investigations have indicated that CRC patients with high proportions of peripheral blood neutrophils showed a poorer response to radiotherapy than patients with low numbers of neutrophils [80]. This also applies to CRC tumor tissues [81, 82]. Other studies have found that CRC tumors with higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios are insensitive to radiation [83–89], and similar interpretations have been drawn for the cell proportions in the peripheral blood [90–95].…”

Comparative transcriptome analysis of periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in human subjects

“…We confirmed upregulated chemokines, including CXCL1 and CXCL3, which are associated with inflammation and progression of a certain cancer. 37 The expression of CXCL3 was higher in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis, suggesting that peri-implantitis is a more severe type of inflammation. The function of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) during the progression of periodontitis and peri-implantitis was well characterized by its extracellular matrix protein degradation function, as well as highly upregulated MMP9, MMP13, and ADAM12 expression in both diseased tissues than in healthy controls.…”

Exploration of the common pathogenic link between COVID‐19 and diabetic foot ulcers: An in silico approach

“…60 As for miRNAs, expression of has-miR-1-3p and has-miR-29a-3p were found in immune-related pathways in cardiomyopathy and cancer. 61,62 63 Clinically, their protective immunomodulatory and antiviral effects can be of great help in adverse events related to COVID-19, such as ARDS. 64,65 Much evidence has also accumulated that 11-cis-retinal plays a vital role in diabetic metabolism.…”

“…Notably, KLF13 is also involved in the neuropathology of diet‐induced obesity and has a possible link with diabetes 60 . As for miRNAs, expression of has‐miR‐1‐3p and has‐miR‐29a‐3p were found in immune‐related pathways in cardiomyopathy and cancer 61,62 . Nevertheless, their regulatory role in DFU and COVID‐19 has been limited to date.…”