Expression intensity, gender and facial emotion recognition: Women recognize only subtle facial emotions better than men

Hoffmann, Holger; Kessler, Henrik; Eppel, Tobias; Rukavina, Stefanie; Traue, Harald C.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.07.012

Cited by 259 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Previous research has shown that females were more accurate than males on an emotion recognition task; however the gender difference was only apparent with subtle expressions at 50% intensity compared to 100% intensity (Hoffmann, Kessler, Eppel, Rukavina & Traue, 2010). Thus, gender differences may be evident on the MASC because this task approximates real life social situations where emotions are portrayed at low to mid intensity (Motley & Camden, 1988).…”

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confidence: 82%

The typical developmental trajectory of social and executive functions in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Taylor

Barker

Heavey

et al. 2013

Developmental Psychology

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Executive functions and social cognition develop through childhood into adolescence and early adulthood and are important for adaptive goal-oriented behavior (Apperly, Samson, & Humphreys, 2009; Blakemore & Choudhury, 2006). These functions are attributed to frontal networks known to undergo protracted maturation into early adulthood (Barker, Andrade, Morton, Romanowski, & Bowles, 2010; Lebel, Walker, Leemans, Phillips, & Beaulieu, 2008), although social cognition functions are also associated with widely distributed networks. Previously, nonlinear development has been reported around puberty on an emotion match-to-sample task (McGivern, Andersen, Byrd, Mutter, & Reilly, 2002) and for IQ in midadolescence (Ramsden et al., 2011). However, there are currently little data on the typical development of social and executive functions in late adolescence and early adulthood. In a cross-sectional design, 98 participants completed tests of social cognition and executive function, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 1999), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983), and measures of pubertal development and demographics at ages 17, 18, and 19. Nonlinear age differences for letter fluency and concept formation executive functions were found, with a trough in functional ability in 18-year-olds compared with other groups. There were no age group differences on social cognition measures. Gender accounted for differences on 1 scale of concept formation, 1 dynamic social interaction scale, and 2 empathy scales. The clinical, developmental, and educational implications of these findings are discussed.

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confidence: 82%

The typical developmental trajectory of social and executive functions in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Taylor

Barker

Heavey

et al. 2013

Developmental Psychology

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“…Important gender differences exist in the production, perception, and regulation of facial expression. Women are more emotionally expressive and more empathic than men (Eisenberg & Lennon, 1983;Kring & Gordon, 1998); more accurate and/or efficient in processing facial expressions of emotion (Hall, 1978;Hall & Matsumoto, 2004;Hoffmann, Kessler, Eppel, Rukavina, & Traue, 2010); show more facial mimicry than men (Dimberg & Lundquist, 1990); and are more susceptible to emotional contagion, as revealed both in self-report and dyadic interaction (Doherty, Orimoto, Singelis, Hatfield, & Hebb, 1995). Gender differences have also been found in the effects of pacifier use during infancy, which arguably blocks facial mimicry, on facial mimicry recorded at age seven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Korb

Malsert

Rochas

et al. 2015

Cortex

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a b s t r a c tUnder theories of embodied emotion, exposure to a facial expression triggers facial mimicry. Facial feedback is then used to recognize and judge the perceived expression.However, the neural bases of facial mimicry and of the use of facial feedback remain poorly understood. Furthermore, gender differences in facial mimicry and emotion recognition suggest that different neural substrates might accompany the production of facial mimicry, and the processing of facial feedback, in men and women. Here, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the right primary motor cortex (M1), the right primary somatosensory cortex (S1), or, in a control condition, the vertex (VTX).Facial mimicry of smiles and emotion judgments were recorded in response to video clips depicting changes from neutral or angry to happy facial expressions. While in females rTMS over M1 and S1 compared to VTX led to reduced mimicry and, in the case of M1, delayed detection of smiles, there was no effect of TMS condition for males. We conclude that in female participants M1 and S1 play a role in the mimicry and in the use of facial feedback for accurate processing of smiles.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. c o r t e x 7 0 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 1 0 1 e1 1 4http://dx

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“…Regarding the gender differences observed, previous studies (Hoffman, Kessler, Eppel, Rukavina, & Traue, 2010), showed that women are better at recognizing subtle facial expressions even when these expressions are showed for (Hall & Matsumoto, 2004). At the same time, females try harder to do well at things involving interpersonal skill because it is gender stereotypic to do so and this, not their knowledge, leads females to do better than males in this domain (Ickes, Gesn & Graham, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

An Exploratory Study of Full Range Leadership Model and Nonverbal Sensitivity

Romașcanu

Gheorghe

Stănescu

2017

lumenss

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Abstract:The current study aims at investigating the relations between full range leadership model and the nonverbal sensitivity. Specifically, the study is focused on transformational leadership, described as enhancing motivation and positive emotions of the followers, inspiring and creating a vision of the future and raising the awareness for the transcendent collective interests. The study was conducted using a survey method of 103 (30 male and 73 female) master students from a Romanian public university. All participants already had a job when we conducted the research although their work experience was limited. The relevant data were gathered using the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS) and The Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The results showed significant positive correlations between transformational leadership and total scores of nonverbal sensitivity, whilst passive leadership style indicates significant negative correlations with total scores of nonverbal sensitivity. No significant correlations were found between transactional leadership and nonverbal sensitivity. Furthermore, the body channel of nonverbal sensitivity was positively related with leadership effectiveness. The implications with regard to theoretical research and organizational practice are also discussed.

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Expression intensity, gender and facial emotion recognition: Women recognize only subtle facial emotions better than men

Cited by 259 publications

References 13 publications

The typical developmental trajectory of social and executive functions in late adolescence and early adulthood.

The typical developmental trajectory of social and executive functions in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

An Exploratory Study of Full Range Leadership Model and Nonverbal Sensitivity

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