Expression dynamics of WOX homeodomain transcription factors during somatic embryogenesis in <i>Liriodendron</i> hybrids

Regulation of regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…The regulatory roles of WOX9A, LEC2 and PGA37 in regeneration and/or embryogenesis have been previously been demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro level experiments (Long et al 2023;Ma et al 2019;Wang et al 2009;Wojcikowska et al 2013), and also by our results, as shown in Tables 1 and 2A. WOX9A plays a direct and significant role in embryonic patterning and stem cell maintenance in plants, specifically in influencing the growth of both apical and basal cell lineages in A. thaliana's whole plants (also highly expressed in whole plants as shown in Fig.…”

“…When FWA is overexpressed, it inhibits shoot regeneration, at least in part, by suppressing the transcription of WOX9. WOX9 has recently been shown to express constitutively in somatic embryogenesis in Liriodendron (Long et al 2023). Thereby, FWA controls the shoot regeneration (Dai et al 2021).…”

Application of Developmental Regulators for Enhancing Plant Regeneration and Genetic Transformation

“…LcWOX4 exhibited increased expression during the heartshaped embryo stage and maintained relatively high expression levels during the torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages. On the other hand, LcWOX9 showed extremely high expression levels in the embryogenic callus tissue, while LcWOX13 expression was almost undetectable during somatic embryogenesis [77]. The expression patterns of the WOX genes in the somatic embryogenesis of L. chinense indicate that the LcWOX gene plays an important role in the different stages of somatic embryogenesis and the different tissues of post-embryonic development.…”

“…Promote the vegetative-to-embryonic transition and somatic embryo formation [67] AtWUS Coffea canephora Increase in ectopic morphogenesis and somatic cell embryogenesis [68] AtWUS Capsicum chinense Promote the transition from an asexual to embryonic state [69] AtWUS Gossypium hirsutum Promote somatic embryogenesis and induce organogenesis [70] AtWUS Gossypium hirsutum Promote the formation of the embryogenic callus [71] AtWUS Medicago truncatula Increase callogenesis and embryogenesis [72] AtWUS Picea glauca Involved in somatic embryogenesis and somatic seedling growth [73] AtWUS/WUS-P2A-BBM Antirrhinum majus Induction of shoot regeneration and transformation efficiency [12] AtWOX2/WOX8/WOX9 Arabidopsis thaliana Promote embryonic cell development [65] AtWOX11/WOX12 Arabidopsis thaliana Induction of de novo root organogenesis [34] AtWOX2/WOX9 Nicotiana tabacum Promote embryonic development [74] AtWOX2/WOX8/WOX9 Nicotiana tabacum Promote regeneration from leaf segments and free cells [75] CjWUS Cryptomeria japonica Promote embryonic cell development [76] LcWUS/LcWOX Liriodendron hybrids Involved in somatic embryogenesis [77] LdWOX2 Larix decidua Promote somatic embryogenesis [50] MtWUS Medicago truncatula Essential for callus and somatic embryo production [78] MtWUS/MtWOX5 Medicago truncatula Expressed in calli with different embryogenic competence [79] MtWOX11-like Medicago truncatula Expressed during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis [80] MtWOX9-1 Medicago truncatula Involved in somatic embryogenesis and stimulating somatic embryogenesis [81] OcWUS/OcWOX4 Ocotea catharinensis Expression during somatic embryogenesis [82] PaWOX8/9 Picea abies Expressed during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis [83] PaWOX2 Picea abies Expressed during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis [84] PpWOX2 Pinus pinaster Change the number and quality of embryos in cotyledon [85] PpWOX2 Arabidopsis thaliana Promote somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis [85] TaWOX5 Triticum aestivum Improve the transformation efficiency [86] VvWOX2/VvWOX9 Vitis vinifera Expressed during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis [87] VvWOX3/VvWOX11 Vitis vinifera Expresses at spec...…”

“…Long and colleagues conducted a comprehensive study on the expression patterns of WOX genes in the somatic embryogenesis of Liriodendron hybrids [77]. They used transgenic techniques to systematically observe the process of somatic embryogenesis in L. chinense and paid special attention to the expression pattern of the WOX gene at different developmental stages.…”