Expression and Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinas-9 in Endometriosis

Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic benign hormone-dependent condition when the endometrial tissue, identical with the endometrium by its morphological and functional properties, grows outside the borders of the uterine mucous membrane. Recent studies have pointed to the possible role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We suggested a hypothesis that increased expression of MMPs activity in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis might correlate with the presence of endometriotic lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the ectopic endometrium of women with visible endometriotic lesions and eutopic endometrium in patients with no signs of endometriosis. The study was conducted on 43 patients. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 31 patients with peritoneal/ovarian endometriosis who had undergone laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Group 2 consisted of 12 patients with leiomyoma, endometrial polyps or relatively healthy patients who had undergone hysterectomy or polypectomy and endometrial curettage. This study showed statistically higher expression of MMP-2 (1.7783 ± 0.22 immunohistochemistry (IHC) optical density score compared to the control group – 1.41± 0.34, p = 0.0017) and MMP-9 (1.352 ± 0.067 versus 1.85 ± 0.26 in the control group, p = 0.001) in ectopic and eutopic endometrium samples from patients with endometriosis compared to samples taken from patients without endometriosis. A strong correlation between expression of the above-mentioned MMPs (r=0.74 for MMP-2 and r=0.88 for MMP-9) in ectopic and eutopic endometrium might be of promising diagnostic value.

Human Decellularized Endometrial Scaffold Seeded by Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells Supports the Differentiation of Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Cells to Epithelial and Stromal Cells ​

“…In agreement, it is demonstrated that the cultured CD146 + human endometrial cells in the collagen/matrigel scaffold in the presence of MSMCs resulted in the expression of ZO-1, COL4A1, and LAMA2 genes at the mRNA level as well as the formation of glandular-like structures at the morphological and ultrastructural levels [19]. The osteopontin (SPP1) and matrixmetaloproteinase-2 (MMP2) proteins are secreted by the endometrial epithelial and stromal cells [27][28][29][30][31]. Osteopontin plays a role in embryo implantation, placenta formation, cell-to-cell adhesion, and proliferation and migration of endometrial cells [27][28][29] and the MMP proteases have an essential function in endometrial tissue remodeling during the menstrual cycle [30][31].…”

“…The osteopontin (SPP1) and matrixmetaloproteinase-2 (MMP2) proteins are secreted by the endometrial epithelial and stromal cells [27][28][29][30][31]. Osteopontin plays a role in embryo implantation, placenta formation, cell-to-cell adhesion, and proliferation and migration of endometrial cells [27][28][29] and the MMP proteases have an essential function in endometrial tissue remodeling during the menstrual cycle [30][31]. Myometrial cells secrete some factors, ECM components, and substances that play an inductive role in the epithelialization of human endometrial tissue as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, attachment, polarity, and apoptosis [32].…”

The Effect of Rubus idaeus Polyphenols Extract in Induced Endometriosis in Rats

“…These arteries provide oxygen and nutrition to endometriosis lesions, hence supporting their growth and survival [ 52 , 53 ]. Tissue remodeling is promoted by MMP-2 and MMP-9, which play a role in the generation of adhesions, the fibrous tissue that can cause tissues to adhere together in endometriosis [ 54 ]. Also, other factors can influence the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 in endometriosis, including estrogen and progesterone, which are the primary sex hormones.…”

Silencing HE4 alleviates the renal fibrosis in lupus nephritis mice by regulating the C3/MMPs/prss axis

“…Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endopeptidases that play specific roles in ECM degradation and turnover (Almeida et al 2022 ). For example, in patients with endometriosis, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the endometrium is increased, which in turn promotes the rupture of peritoneal ECM and the establishment of peritoneal endometriosis foci through the increase in MMP activity in the endometrium (Barbe et al 2020 ). Similarly, Wang et al (Wang et al 2019 ) detected high levels of HE4 in the serum of patients with pulmonary fibrosis (CF).…”