A versatile green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression cassette containing the replication origins of the monopartite begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) is described. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants containing one copy of the cassette stably integrated into their genome were superinfected with TYLCSV, which mobilized and replicated the cassette as an episomal replicon. The expression of the reporter gene (the GFP gene) was thereby modified. Whereas GFP fluorescence was dimmed in the intercostal areas, an increase of green fluorescence in veins of all leaves placed above the inoculation site, as well as in transport tissues of roots and stems, was observed. The release of episomal trans replicons from the transgene and the increase in GFP expression were dependent on the cognate geminiviral replication-associated protein (Rep) and required interaction between Rep and the intergenic region of TYLCSV. This expression system is able to monitor the replication status of TYLCSV in plants, as induction of GFP expression is only produced in those tissues where Rep is present. To further confirm this notion, the expression of a host factor required for geminivirus replication, the proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) was transiently silenced. Inhibition of PCNA prevented GFP induction in veins and reduced viral DNA. We propose that these plants could be widely used to easily identify host factors required for geminivirus replication by virus-induced gene silencing.Geminiviruses belong to a large family of plant viruses with circular, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes packaged within geminate particles (9). The Geminiviridae family (58) is divided into four genera according to their genome organization and biological properties. The genus Begomovirus includes members that are transmitted by whiteflies, infect only dicotyledonous plants, and may have bipartite (A and B components), like Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), or monopartite genomes, like Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) or Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV).Although among plant virus a minority, geminiviruses have a great economical impact, affecting many different crops worldwide (42). TYLCSV and TYLCV are two distinct species causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease, one of the most important threats to tomato crops in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world (45). Both viruses possess genomes of about 2.7 kb in size, which encode at least six proteins and contain an intergenic region (IR) that comprises the origin of replication and viral promoters. The open reading frames (ORFs) in the complementary sense orientation encoding a replication-associated protein (Rep, also known as AC1, AL1, C1, or L1), a transcription activator protein (TrAP, also known as AC2, AL2, C2, or L2), and a replication enhancer protein (REn) partially overlap; a small ORF, C4, is located within the Rep ORF but in a different reading frame (25). Rep and REn are required for efficient viral DNA replication, although...