Expression and Polymorphisms of SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 Genes and Their Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries)

Abstract

SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD3 are important transcription factors downstream of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway that mediates several physiological processes. In the current study, we used cloning sequencing, RT-qPCR, bioinformatics methods and iMLDR technology to clone the coding region of Tibetan sheep genes, analyze the protein structure and detect the tissue expression characteristics of Tibetan sheep genes, and detect the polymorphisms of 433 Tibetan sheep and analyze their correlation with litter size. The results showed that the ORFs of the SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 genes were 1398 bp, 1404 bp and 1278 bp, respectively, and encoded 465, 467 and 425 amino acids, respectively. The SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD3 proteins were all unstable hydrophilic mixed proteins. SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 were widely expressed in Tibetan sheep tissues, and all were highly expressed in the uterus, spleen, ovary and lung tissues. Litter sizes of the genotype CC in the SMAD1 gene g.10729C>T locus were significantly higher than that of CT (p < 0.05). In the SMAD3 gene g.21447C>T locus, the genotype TT individuals showed a higher litter size than the CC and CT genotype individuals (p < 0.05). These results preliminarily demonstrated that SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 were the major candidate genes that affected litter size traits in Tibetan sheep and could be used as a molecular genetic marker for early auxiliary selection for improving reproductive traits during sheep breeding.

Genetic diversity, population structure, and selective signature of sheep in the northeastern Tarim Basin

“…SMAD2 mediates various physiological processes and is a significant candidate for influencing litter size traits in Tibetan sheep. Genes can be used as molecular genetic markers to assist in selecting improved reproductive characteristics in the initial stages of sheep breeding (Li et al, 2022). Maintaining the survival of dilated oocytes through SMAD2 improves the fertilization and subsequent development of closed oocytes during oocyte-oocyte complex (COC) maturation, thereby enhancing maternal reproductive performance (Wu et al, 2021).…”

Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Reveals Potentially Candidate Genes Responsible for Milk Production Traits in Buffalo

“…SMAD2 is a member of the SMAD protein family, a key intermediary in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling [ 45 ], which plays a vital role in mammary gland development [ 46 ]. Notably, evidence showed that SMAD2 was associated with goat growth traits [ 47 ], sheep litter size [ 48 ], and buffalo milk yield traits [ 49 ]. In addition, SMG1 belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) protein family, triggering the activation of AMPK, which aids in the regulation of milk production and mammary gland biology [ 50 ].…”