Expression and Localization of Endothelin-1 and its Receptors in the Spiral Ganglion Neurons of Mouse

Abstract

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide with various biological functions, such as vasoconstriction and cell proliferation. ET-1 was reported to be widely distributed throughout the animal body, including nervous system. The expression and localization of ET-1 and its receptors [endothelin type-A receptor (ETAR) and endothelin type-B receptor (ETBR)] in the spiral ganglion neurons have not been reported before. In this study, their presence in the mouse spiral ganglion neurons was detected at mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RT-PCR analysis indicated that ET-1, ETAR, and ETBR genes were expressed in the mouse spiral ganglion tissues. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that ET-1 and ETAR were predominantly immunoreactive in the cytoplasm, while ETBR was mainly immunostained in the nucleus of the neuron bodies. The present results suggest that ET-1 may play physiological roles in the spiral ganglion cells via ETAR and ETBR.

Intracrine endothelin signaling evokes IP3-dependent increases in nucleoplasmic Ca2+ in adult cardiac myocytes

“…Nuclear localization of endothelin receptors has been demonstrated in rat liver [56], rat cardiomyocytes [12], and mouse spiral ganglion neurons [57]. We previously reported that ETB immunoreactivity was primarily associated with nuclear membranes in ventricular myocytes whereas ETA was associated with the cell surface and T-tubular network as well as showing a weaker association with nuclear or perinuclear membranes [12,13].…”

“…Chimeric ETA and ETB constructs reveal the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of ETA is sufficient to specify receptor recycling whereas the comparable domain in ETB specifies delivery to lysosomes [4,6]. In ventricular myocytes [12] and mouse spiral ganglion neurons [57], which express both ETA and ETB, ETB is primarily associated with the nuclear membranes whereas ETA is at the cell surface. Hence, it is unlikely that the presence of ETB on nuclear membranes is a result of 'overflow' from the endoplasmic reticulum.…”

Endothelin‐1 gene polymorphism in sudden sensorineural hearing loss

“…The distribution provides a fair idea of how endothelin‐1 functions in the inner ear. It is advocated that endothelin‐1 plays a role in regulating the function of the inner ear as a peptide with mitogenic, antiapoptotic, and neural‐transmission effects …”

“…It is advocated that endothelin-1 plays a role in regulating the function of the inner ear as a peptide with mitogenic, antiapoptotic, and neural-transmission effects. 7 The human endothelin-1 (EDN1) gene is located on chromosome 6p and consists of five short exons and four introns. Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the EDN1 gene and have been reported to be associated with the susceptibility and prognosis of various diseases, including hypertension, glaucoma, heart failure, diabetic retinopathy, and atherosclerosis.…”

G Protein–Coupled Receptor Signaling in Cardiac Nuclear Membranes

“…10,38 ET B immunoreactivity has also been detected on mouse cochlear spiral ganglion nuclei, whereas ET A immunoreactivity was primarily cytosolic in these cells. 39 Subsequent experiments showed that the ET B -selective antagonist BQ788 prevented both rhodamine-ET-1 and rhodamine-endothelin-3 (ET-3) from binding to nuclear sites in both isolated cardiac nuclei and Triton X-100-skinned adult cardiomyocyte preparations. 40 Hence, in cardiomyocytes, ET A is the major endothelin receptor at the cell surface, 41,42 whereas the nuclear ETR is ET B .…”