Expression and evolutionary conservation of nanos- related genes in Hydra

Mochizuki, Kazufumi; Sano, Hiroko; Kobayashi, Satoru; Nishimiya-Fujisawa, Chiemi; Fujisawa, Toshitaka

doi:10.1007/s004270000105

Cited by 149 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…To characterize the cell type involved in tumorigenesis in more detail, we employed molecular markers specific for Hydra's germ-line restricted ISCs. In situ hybridization with a Cnnos1-specific probe 16,22 revealed in both lines that tumours are composed, at least in part, of interstitial cells expressing the Cnnos1 gene ( Supplementary Fig. 3).…”

Section: Morphology and Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally occurring tumours in the basal metazoan Hydra

et al. 2014

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The molecular nature of tumours is well studied in vertebrates, although their evolutionary origin remains unknown. In particular, there is no evidence for naturally occurring tumours in pre-bilaterian animals, such as sponges and cnidarians. This is somewhat surprising given that recent computational studies have predicted that most metazoans might be prone to develop tumours. Here we provide first evidence for naturally occurring tumours in two species of Hydra. Histological, cellular and molecular data reveal that these tumours are transplantable and might originate by differentiation arrest of female gametes. Growth of tumour cells is independent from the cellular environment. Tumour-bearing polyps have significantly reduced fitness. In addition, Hydra tumours show a greatly altered transcriptome that mimics expression shifts in vertebrate cancers. Therefore, this study shows that spontaneous tumours have deep evolutionary roots and that early branching animals may be informative in revealing the fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis.

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Section: Morphology and Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally occurring tumours in the basal metazoan Hydra

et al. 2014

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“…Nanos was originally identified as an essential factor for the formation of abdominal patterning and is a member of the polar plasm components of Drosophila (Wang and Lehmann, 1991;Curtis et al, 1995). To date, nanos expressions have been detected in PGCs from a wide variety of animal species (Subramaniam and Seydoux, 1999;Mochizuki et al, 2000;Kang et al, 2002;Jaruzelska et al, 2003;Extavour et al, 2005;Sunanaga et al, 2008), suggesting that their function in the survival and maintenance of germ cells is evolutionally conserved. In addition, nanos is required for the migration of the PGCs in Drosophila (Forbes and Lehmann, 1998;Kobayashi et al, 1996), zebrafish (Köprunner et al, 2001), and mice (Tsuda et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the nanos homolog during sea urchin development

Fujii

Sakamoto

Ochiai

et al. 2009

Developmental Dynamics

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The nanos genes play important roles in the development of primordial germ cells in animal species. In the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, small micromere descendants specifically express HpNanos mRNA and this expression continues in the left coelomic pouch, which produces the major component of the adult rudiment. In this study, we showed that morpholino knockdown of HpNanos resulted in a delay of primary mesenchyme cell ingression and a decrease in the number of cells comprising the left coelomic pouch. Knockdown analysis in chimeras and whole embryos revealed the disappearance of small micromere descendants from the archenteron tip. Furthermore, the expression of HpNanos mRNA was induced in other cell lineages in the HpNanos-knockdown and micromere-deleted embryos. Taken together, our results suggest that HpNanos is involved in the inductive interaction of small micromere descendants with other cell lineages, and that HpNanos is required for the survival of small micromere descendants. Developmental Dynamics 238:2511-2521, 2009.

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“…One of the germ plasm components, Nanos (Nos), is evolutionarily conserved and has a widespread role in germ-line development (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Maternal nos mRNA is enriched in germ plasm, and its protein product is partitioned into pole cells when they are formed and remains detectable in these cells throughout embryogenesis (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanos suppresses somatic cell fate in Drosophila germ line

Hayashi

Hayashi²,

Kobayashi³

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Nanos (Nos) is one of the evolutionarily conserved proteins known to direct germ-line development. In Drosophila, maternal Nos protein maintains transcriptional quiescence in the germ-line progenitors or pole cells to repress ectopic expression of somatic genes. Here we show that maternal Nos is required to establish and maintain germ-line identity by preventing apoptosis and somatic cell fate. The pole cells lacking maternal Nos were degraded by apoptosis during mid to late embryogenesis. When apoptosis was suppressed by Df(3L)H99, some pole cells lacking Nos adopted somatic cell fates. These pole cells expressed somatic markers ectopically and lost the germ-line marker Vasa. We further found that some Nos-negative pole cells were able to migrate into the gonads, but they failed to develop as functional germ cells during postembryonic stages. We propose a model in which Nos establishes germ-line͞soma dichotomy and is also required to maintain germ-line fate.T he mechanism underlying the segregation of germ line from somatic line is a century-old issue in developmental biology. In many animal groups, maternal factors required for germ-line formation are localized in a histologically remarkable region in egg cytoplasm, or germ plasm, and are inherited in the germ-line progenitors (1, 2). In Drosophila, the germ-line progenitors known as pole cells are first formed at the posterior pole of the blastoderm embryos. During later embryogenesis, the pole cells pass through midgut epithelium into hemocoel and migrate within the embryos to reach the embryonic gonads, where they differentiate as functional germ line (1-4). Previous works have demonstrated that none of the pole cells becomes incorporated into any somatic tissues and contributes to somatic development during embryogenesis (5, 6). However, it remains elusive how the developmental fate of pole cells is regulated by germ plasm components.One of the germ plasm components, Nanos (Nos), is evolutionarily conserved and has a widespread role in germ-line development (7-13). Maternal nos mRNA is enriched in germ plasm, and its protein product is partitioned into pole cells when they are formed and remains detectable in these cells throughout embryogenesis (14). Nos is required in pole cells for their proper migration into the embryonic gonads (15, 16). Within pole cells, Nos is involved in maintaining transcriptional quiescence (17) and is also required for maintenance of a germ-line-specific chromatin status that correlates with transcriptional inactivity (18). In the absence of maternal Nos activity, ectopic expression of somatic genes is detectable in pole cells (17). These results led us to speculate that pole cells lacking Nos may adopt somatic cell fate.Here, we show that pole cells are able to adopt both germ-line and somatic cell fates and undergo apoptosis. Nos is required to repress the pathway leading to somatic differentiation and apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that Nos is essential for germline͞soma dichotomy and for germ-line maintenance. H99-PLH⌬23͞TM3...

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Expression and evolutionary conservation of nanos- related genes in Hydra

Cited by 149 publications

References 75 publications

Naturally occurring tumours in the basal metazoan Hydra

Naturally occurring tumours in the basal metazoan Hydra

Role of the nanos homolog during sea urchin development

Nanos suppresses somatic cell fate in Drosophila germ line

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