“…Upon deposition of semen, seminal TGFb1 modulates the immune response by interacting with epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract (Robertson et al, 2002). Expression of TGFb1 and its receptors have been reported in rat, mouse, and human oviducts; in all cases, the TGFb1 secreted into the oviduct and uterine fluid influences the sperm, oocyte, spermÀoocyte interactions, and early-embryo development (Zhao et al, 1994;Chow et al, 2001;Jones et al, 2006;Kubota et al, 2009;Omwandho et al, 2010).…”