Expression and clinical value of gastrin‐releasing peptide precursor in nephropathy and chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Aim To explore whether serum pro‐gastric releasing peptide (proGRP) is elevated in nephropathy patients and evaluate the diagnostic value of proGRP in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods A total of 498 nephropathy patients and 170 healthy were selected in Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, from February 2016 to September 2017. The clinical data of the different groups including serum proGRP, CKD grading, and other serum and urine renal function biomarkers were analyzed by group comparison, correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Serum proGRP levels were significantly higher in the acute kidney injury and CKD groups compared with the other groups of kidney disease patients (P < 0.01), and increased with CKD grading (P < 0.01). Serum proGRP was substantially correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.637, P < 0.01) and cystain C (0.837, P < 0.01). Serum proGRP had moderate correlations with urine β2‐macroglobulin (β2‐m; r = 0.587, P < 0.01) and α1‐macroglobulin (α1‐m; r = 0.557, P < 0.01). There were fair associations of serum proGRP with albumin (r = 0.10, P = 0.067), 24 h proteinuria (24 h‐TPU; r = 0.092, P = 0.099), urinary albumin/urocreatinine (uAlb/Cr; r = 0.29, P < 0.01) and urinary N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosidase (r = −0.142, P < 0.01). The sensitivity of proGRP was superior to that of simplified modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula in diagnosing CKD I + II (81.25% vs 66.67%), CKD III (86.42% vs 74.36%) and CKD IV (71.19% vs 69.64%), while its specificity was inferior to that of simplified MDRD formula in diagnosing CKD I + II (37.65% vs 66.97%), CKD III (56.25% vs 86.67%) and CKD IV (75.31% vs 88.46%). Conclusion Serum proGRP is elevated in acute renal injury and CKD patients and increases with CKD grading. Serum proGRP is mainly affected by glomerular filtration rate and could be used for CKD staging, although the overall diagnostic sufficiency is inferior to simplified MDRD formula.

Diagnostic value of conventional tumor markers in young patients with pulmonary nodules

“…The tumor markers showed limited diagnostic value with the AUC of CYFRA21‐1, ProGRP, CEA, NSE, and SCCA was 0.506, 0.503 0.532, 0.548, and 0.562, respectively. A previous study has reported that chronic kidney disease may cause an increase in ProGRP 21 . In addition, CYFRA 21‐1, CEA, and NSE also were reported to be possibly increased in non‐neoplastic conditions 10 .…”

“…There was a trend of increasing incidence in young patients, and it was necessary to identify the di- previous study has reported that chronic kidney disease may cause an increase in ProGRP. 21 In addition, CYFRA 21-1, CEA, and NSE also were reported to be possibly increased in non-neoplastic conditions. 10 In summary, for young patients with pulmonary nodules, negative tumor markers should not be relaxed, while with elevated tumor markers, a comprehensive judgment should be made based on clinical, imaging, and other indicators to exclude benign lesions and avoid unnecessary surgery.…”

Neuromedin B modulates phosphate-induced vascular calcification

“…Plasma GRP levels increase significantly in the rat model of nephrectomy-induced uremia or adenine‐induced CKD ( 12 ). Recently, serum proGRP levels have been reported to be considerably elevated in acute renal injury and in patients with CKD, and they increase with the severity of CKD ( 30 ). We demonstrated the elevated level of NMB in the serum of the CKD rat model.…”