Expression and clinical significance of SALL4 and β-catenin in colorectal cancer

Liang, Hao; Zhao, Yan; Wang, Zhen; Yin, Han; Zhang, Xin; He, Tao; Song, Shanshan; Sun, Shung Shung; Wang, Baosheng; Li, Zhijie; Qi, Shijie

doi:10.1007/s10735-016-9656-5

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We detected 25 cases (2.57%) of SALL4positive CRCs from 971 cases, and SALL4 was an adverse prognostic factor. Previous reports have revealed that SALL4 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis and high TNM stage, 22 and our result is consistent with this observation. The positive rate of GPC3 was 1.85% (18 of 971).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Molecular and clinicopathological features of colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation

et al. 2020

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Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (CAED) is a rare subtype of colorectal malignancy with expression of enteroblastic markers (glypican 3, SALL4, AFP); however, the clinicopathological and epidemiological features are not fully elucidated. Aims The aims of this study were to elucidate and establish the molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of CAED. Materials and Methods In addition to three cases recently diagnosed as CAED, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with expression of enteroblastic markers were selected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays of 988 advanced CRC. We employed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing for the detection of genetic alterations. IHC for p53 and HER2, HER2‐FISH and MSI status was also investigated. Survival analyses for clinicopathological parameters were performed using Kaplan–Meier methods. Results Thirty‐nine cases (4.0%) were positive for at least one enteroblastic marker. Histological evaluation of the total of 42 cases revealed that 10 contained tumour cells with clear cytoplasm. Enteroblastic marker‐positive cases had aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis. NGS revealed TP53 as the most frequently mutated gene. The rate of HER2‐positive cases and MSI‐H cases was 9.5% (four of 42) and 12.2% (five of 41), respectively. Among these 42 cases, there were no molecular and clinicopathological differences according to the presence of tumour cells with clear cytoplasm. Conclusions Enteroblastic marker‐positive CRC could be grouped together as CAED regardless of clear cell cytoplasm. Using this definition, the frequency of CAED is 4.0% and has a poorer prognosis than that for conventional CRCs. HER2 targeted therapy would be a meaningful treatment for CAED, and CAEDs contain both MSI‐H and MSI‐stable CRCs, although the MSS phenotype is dominant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Molecular and clinicopathological features of colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation

et al. 2020

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“…It is associated with high tumour grade and lymph node metastasis in many types of cancer 39 40. A study by Hao et al 39 involving 186 patients with a range of benign and malignant tumours shows that SALL4 co-localises with β-catenin in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the crypt epithelium, therefore implicating it in the Wnt pathway. This interaction may be what drives lymph node metastasis and aggressiveness of CRC 39…”

Section: Crc Csc Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer: a review

et al. 2017

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men. Adenocarcinoma accounts for 90% of CRC cases. There has been accumulating evidence in support of the cancer stem cell (CSC) concept of cancer which proposes that CSCs are central in the initiation of cancer. CSCs have been the focus of study in a range of cancers, including CRC. This has led to the identification and understanding of genes involved in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency of stem cells, and markers for CSCs, including those investigated specifically in CRC. Knowledge of the expression pattern of CSCs in CRC has been increasing in recent years, revealing a heterogeneous population of cells within CRC ranging from pluripotent to differentiated cells, with overlapping and sometimes unique combinations of markers. This review summarises current literature on the understanding of CSCs in CRC, including evidence of the presence of CSC subpopulations, and the stem cell markers currently used to identify and localise these CSC subpopulations. Future research into this field may lead to improved methods for early detection of CRC, novel therapy and monitoring of treatment for CRC and other cancer types.

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“…For other types of GTN, the detection rate of CTC SALL4≥3 was 50%, 100%, and 66.67%, in IHM (4/8), CCA (4/4), and PSTT (2/3), respectively. Known as stem cell factor, SALL4 has been studied in a variety of tumours 37,38 . However, its expression in malignant ESC‐derived trophoblasts is far from sufficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of SALL4 in CTCs derived from hydatidiform moles and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms

Feng

Pei

et al. 2020

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem To investigate EMT phenotype and SALL4 expression of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN). Method of study CanPatrol CTC detection system in combination with SALL4 RNA in situ hybridization was used to investigate the profile of CTCs in different types of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Circulating CTCs were phenotyped and annotated with SALL4 expression in 41 GTD patients, including 12 HM and 29 GTN, as well as 22 pregnant volunteers. Results A positive correlation between the number of CTC and serum β‐hCG concentration was found among the GTN patients. The number of E/M‐CTC was positively correlated with serum β‐hCG, while M‐CTC was positively correlated with prognostic score. Comparison among malignant GTD, benign GTD and healthy pregnant women revealed a significant difference in the number of total CTC, E/M‐CTC, and M‐CTC but not in E‐CTC. ROC analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of CTC phenotypes in distinguishing GTD patients from healthy pregnant women yielding an AUC as 0.826. Youden's index was maximal at the cutoff value of 8.5/4 mL with sensitivity and specificity at 53.66% and 100%, respectively. SALL4 expression was evaluated in GTD patients with CTC count greater than cutoff value. SALL4 high expressing CTCs (>2 signal dots) were detected in 66.67% (10/15) of malignant GTD patients but not in benign patients (0/5). Conclusion Differential expression of SALL4 was seen in CTCs derived from hydatidiform moles and GTN. CTC profiling may be developed as an adjunct marker to diagnose GTN.

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Expression and clinical significance of SALL4 and β-catenin in colorectal cancer

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Molecular and clinicopathological features of colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation

Molecular and clinicopathological features of colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation

Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer: a review

Differential expression of SALL4 in CTCs derived from hydatidiform moles and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms

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