Expression and clinical significance of microRNA-21, maspin and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in bladder cancer

MicroRNA-186 regulates the invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer via vascular endothelial growth factor C

“…Padera et al (23) demonstrated that a high expression of VEGF-C facilitates lymphatic vessel hyperplasia surrounding tumors and lymphatic metastasis, but there are no functional lymphatic vessels within tumors, suggesting that functional lymphatic vessels that surround tumors are sufficient for lymphatic metastasis. In the present study, the expression of VEGF-C mRNA and protein in the bladder cancer tissues is significantly higher than normal tissues, being consistent with previous studies (24,25). Similar results were obtained from blood and urine samples from patients with bladder cancer, suggesting that changes in VEGF-C expression are associated with the occurrence and development of bladder cancer.…”

miR-21 and KLF4 jointly augment epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Akt/ERK1/2 pathway

“…miR-21 is a major oncogenic miRNA, which is associated with several biomarkers and therapeutic targets in a variety of tumor types, such as renal (10), bladder (11), colorectal cancer (12) and others. miR-21 is an important critical regulator of the biological behavior of cancer cells and plays a role in apoptosis (10) and proliferation (13).…”

Both cancerous miR‐21 and stromal miR‐21 in urothelial carcinoma are related to tumour progression

“…Bladder cancer shows up‐regulation of miR‐21, and high miR‐21 levels are related to a poorer prognosis of bladder cancer . Cancer of the upper urinary tract also shows increased miR‐21 levels .…”

“…4 Bladder cancer shows up-regulation of miR-21, 5 and high miR-21 levels are related to a poorer prognosis of bladder cancer. [6][7][8] Cancer of the upper urinary tract also shows increased miR-21 levels. 9 miR-21 levels are elevated in muscle invasive bladder cancer, 10 and are related to tumour stage.…”