Expression Analysis of Lignin-Associated Genes in Hard End Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Whangkeumbae) and Its Response to Calcium Chloride Treatment Conditions

Lu, Guang Hong; Li, Zhijun; Zhang, Xinfu; Wang, Ran; Yang, Shaolan

doi:10.1007/s00344-014-9461-x

Cited by 58 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Suberin is a macromolecular structure composed of the suberin poly-phenolic domain (SPPD) and the suberin polyaliphatic domain (SPAD), which are covalently linked by hydroxyferulic acid and its derivatives in a lignin-like manner (Meyer et al, 2011a(Meyer et al, , 2011b. Lignin, a primary component of plant cell walls, is an abundant natural polymer that is based on phenylpropane derivatives, and its biosynthesis has been shown to be closely associated with russeting in sand pear (Lu et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of Fruit Bagging to Lignin Biosynthesis and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit Peel of Sand Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cv. Cuiguan

Shi¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

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This study explored the effects of different colored bags (blue, green, white, yellow, orange, and red) on russet deposition on the peel of semi-russet ‘Cuiguan’ pears 10 days after full bloom (DAFB). The process of russeting of the peel and structure of the cork layer were characterized by microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by the detection of lignin and the activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis. The expression of cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, and peroxidase, which were related to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, was determined via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Russeting of the outer peel of ‘Cuiguan’ pear accumulated rapidly at 80 DAFB, and a positive relationship between the russet index and lignin content was observed. Red and infrared (IR) ray, partial far-IR light (600–800 nm), and ultraviolet-A light (350–400 nm) promoted russeting in ‘Cuiguan’ pear peel, whereas green light decreased russeting, the russet index, enzymatic activities, and the expression levels of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis. Values of all these factors were higher for ‘Cuiguan’ pears in red bags than for those in bags of other colors. These findings suggested that spectral components affected the synthesis of lignin and the formation of fruit russet. Storage in green bags reduced russeting and improved fruit appearance.

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confidence: 99%

Response of Fruit Bagging to Lignin Biosynthesis and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit Peel of Sand Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cv. Cuiguan

Shi¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

horts

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“…The hard-end disorder of 'Whangkeumbae' fruit is a major problem in the pear industry. Hard-end fruits contain significantly more and larger sclerotic cells in the calyx-end of the fruit compared to normal pearfruit; as well as a higher level of synthesis and deposition of lignin [5]. Several genes, including PAL, 4CL, CCR, COMT, CAD, are components of the phenylpropanoid pathway are associated with lignin synthesis [27,28,29,30,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is frequently found in the USA in pear varieties such as 'Anjou' (Pyrus communis L), 'Winter Nelis' (P. dimorphophylla) and 'Comice' (P. communis) [3,4]. In recent years, the hard-end disorder also appeared in some Asian pear varieties, including 'Whangkeumbae' (P. pyrifolia) and 'Xueqing'(P. nivalis), and other varieties may also be affected [5,6]. Hard-end of pear is a physiological disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A readily apparent protrusion of the calyx forms due to the delayed development of the surrounding tissues. The epidermis over the calyx-end of the fruit appears tight and shiny, and the flesh near the calyx turns dry and hard due to an accumulation of lignin [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported that lignin content and the number of stone cells increases significantly during hard-end development in 'Whangkeumbae' fruit [5]. These hard-end pear fruit also contain high levels of enzymes that are involved in lignin synthesis; including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PpNAC187 enhances lignin synthesis in ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) ‘hard-end’ fruit

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: A disorder in pears known as ‘hard-end’ fruit affects the appearance, edible quality, and market value of pear fruit. To explore the mechanism underlying the formation of hard-end, RNA-Seq was carried out on the calyx end of ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear fruit with and without the hard-end symptom. Result: Results indicated that genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway affecting lignification were up-regulated in hard-end fruit. An analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified three NAC transcription factors, and RT-qPCR analysis of PpNAC138, PpNAC186 and PpNAC187 confirmed that PpNAC187 gene expression was correlated with the hard-end disorder in pear fruit. A transient increase in PpNAC187 was observed in the calyx end of ‘Whangkeumbae’ fruit when they began to exhibit hard-end symptom. Concomitantly, the higher level of PpCCR, Pp4CL and PpCOMT transcripts was observed; which are the key genes in lignin biosynthesis. Notably, lignin content in the stem and leaf tissues of transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 was significantly higher than in control plants transformed with an empty vector. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 had a larger number of xylem vessel elements. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that PpNAC187 functions in inducing lignification in pear fruit during the development of the hard-end disorder.

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The MdXTHB gene is involved in fruit softening in ‘Golden Del. Reinders’ (Malus pumila)

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: Fruit softening is a major determinant of commercial value and shelf life. A transcriptomic analysis of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Golden Del. Reinders' (a bud mutation of 'Golden Delicious' that readily softens) apple fruit was conducted during storage. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of the obtained expression profiles of fruit between two cultivars identified 1345 upregulated and 3475 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs identified were associated with cellular processes and carbohydrate metabolism and were especially enriched in cell-wall-related genes. Among the cell-wall-related genes, the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTH) gene MdXTHB was significantly upregulated and exhibited high expression levels in 'Golden Del. Reinders' fruit, which had a lower level of firmness relative to 'Golden Delicious'. Overexpression of MdXTHB in both 'Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji', which typically maintain high levels of firmness in storage, exhibited faster rates of softening and an earlier peak of ethylene production than empty-vector-infiltrated fruit did. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that MdXTHB potentially promotes apple fruit softening by degrading the fruit cell wall. This result is also useful to designing further experiments on the molecular regulation of fruit softening in apple. Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.

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Expression Analysis of Lignin-Associated Genes in Hard End Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Whangkeumbae) and Its Response to Calcium Chloride Treatment Conditions

Abstract: Hard end, a disorder that occurs in pears,

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

Response of Fruit Bagging to Lignin Biosynthesis and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit Peel of Sand Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cv. Cuiguan

Response of Fruit Bagging to Lignin Biosynthesis and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit Peel of Sand Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cv. Cuiguan

PpNAC187 enhances lignin synthesis in ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) ‘hard-end’ fruit

The MdXTHB gene is involved in fruit softening in ‘Golden Del. Reinders’ (Malus pumila)

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