Expression analyses of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the hemocyte morphotypes of two commercially important Indian molluscs

Ray, Mitali; Bhunia, Niladri Sekhar; Bhunia, Anindya Sundar; Ray, Sajal

doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2016.05.005

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, the HSPs (preferentially HSP70 and HSP90 class) activate kinases and are regarded as negative and positive regulators of NF-kB signaling [83, 84]. In case of freshwater molluscs, Bellamya bengalensis and Lamellidans marginalis inducible NOS (iNOS) have been associated with phagocytic activity [85], while DUOX has been known to be expressed in non-phagocytic cells such as the gills in oyster, C. gigas and the scallop, M. yessoensis in response to heavy metals [86]. Earlier, we have discussed the TRAF6-ECSIT pathway for mitochondrial ROS generation through the TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway in the species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of air-breathing land slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi reveals functional insights into growth, immunity, and reproduction

Patnaik¹,

Chung

Hwang

et al. 2019

BMC Genomics

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Background Incilaria (= Meghimatium) fruhstorferi is an air-breathing land slug found in restricted habitats of Japan, Taiwan and selected provinces of South Korea (Jeju, Chuncheon, Busan, and Deokjeokdo). The species is on a decline due to depletion of forest cover, predation by natural enemies, and collection. To facilitate the conservation of the species, it is important to decide on a number of traits related to growth, immunity and reproduction addressing fitness advantage of the species. Results The visceral mass transcriptome of I. fruhstorferi was enabled using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. According to BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) method, the transcriptome was considered complete with 91.8% of ortholog genes present (Single: 70.7%; Duplicated: 21.1%). A total of 96.79% of the raw read sequences were processed as clean reads. TransDecoder identified 197,271 contigs that contained candidate-coding regions. Of a total of 50,230 unigenes, 34,470 (68.62% of the total unigenes) annotated to homologous proteins in the Protostome database (PANM-DB). The GO term and KEGG pathway analysis indicated genes involved in metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling system, aminobenzoate degradation, and T-cell receptor signalling pathway. Many genes associated with molluscan innate immunity were categorized under pathogen recognition receptor, TLR signalling pathway, MyD88 dependent pathway, endogenous ligands, immune effectors, antimicrobial peptides, apoptosis, and adaptation-related. The reproduction-associated unigenes showed homology to protein fem-1, spermatogenesis-associated protein, sperm associated antigen, and testis expressed sequences, among others. In addition, we identified key growth-related genes categorized under somatotrophic axis, muscle growth, chitinases and collagens. A total of 4822 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were also identified from the unigene sequences of I. fruhstorferi . Conclusions This is the first available genomic information for non-model land slug, I. fruhstorferi focusing on genes related to growth, immunity, and reproduction, with additional focus on microsatellites and repeating elements. The transcriptome provides access to greater number of traits of unknown relevance in the species that could be exploited for in-depth analyses of evolutionary plasticity and making informed choices during conservation planning. This would be appropriate for understanding the dynamics of the species on a priority basis considering the ecological, health, and social benefits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5526-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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