Expressão de neurotrofinas e avaliação histomorfométrica em ratos Wistar submetidos à mobilização neural após compressão do nervo mediano

Effects of joint and nerve mobilisation on neuroimmune responses in animals and humans with neuromusculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…After screening of titles and abstracts, 39 articles remained. Eighteen articles were included after full-text screening: 13 animal studies 22 , 24 , 25 , 49 , 50 , 65 , 68 , 72 , 75 – 77 , 84 , 85 and 5 human studies. 45 , 61 , 74 , 90 , 96 Figure 1 presents the flowchart of the selection process.…”

“…The 13 animal studies compared nerve mobilisation, 22 , 25 , 49 , 75 – 77 spinal mobilisation, 65 spinal manipulation, 24 , 84 , 85 and knee 68 and ankle 50 , 72 mobilisation with no intervention or sham in male Wistar rats (n = 98), 22 , 24 , 25 , 49 , 50 , 68 , 75 – 77 Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 26), 84 , 85 Swiss mice (n = 16), 72 and female Wistar rats (n = 6). 65 Spinal manipulation and mobilisation was mimicked using an activator-assisted spinal device 24 , 84 , 85 or computer-controlled feedback motor.…”

“… 65 Spinal manipulation and mobilisation was mimicked using an activator-assisted spinal device 24 , 84 , 85 or computer-controlled feedback motor. 65 Several models for neuropathic pain were used, such as chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve, 22 , 25 , 75 – 77 crush injury to the sciatic 50 or median 47 , 48 , 49 nerve, compression-decompression of the DRG, 85 and injection of inflammatory mediators within the intervertebral foramen. 84 Ankle joint inflammation, 68 , 69 , 83 chronic postischemia hind paw pain, 72 knee joint immobilisation, 24 and nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced back pain 65 were also used.…”

“…A wide range of outcome measures was evaluated, namely, neurotrophins (NGF, 22 , 49 , 76 brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]), 25 , 49 cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, IL-1β, and IL-10), 85 expression of opioid receptors (δ-opioid, κ-opioid, and μ-opioid), 75 , 77 whole-genome expression, 68 neuroinflammatory markers (astrocyte marker GFAP, 25 , 50 , 76 microglial markers CD11b/c, 25 , 50 and/or OX-42 25 ), nonneuronal cell proliferation, 84 , 85 substance-P, 77 TRPV1, 77 calcitonin gene–related protein (CGRP), 65 oxidative stress markers (lipid hydroperoxide, 24 nitric oxide metabolites, 24 malondialdehyde, 72 and carbonyl protein 72 ), and antioxidant enzymes (catalase activity, 24 , 72 superoxide dismutase, 24 , 72 and glutathione peroxidase 24 ). Moreover, the outcomes were measured at different locations, such as in the serum, nerve, DRG, spinal cord, and brain.…”

“…In the median nerve compression model, differences in expression of median nerve NGF mRNA could not be detected after median nerve mobilisation compared with a no intervention group. 49 …”