Exposures representative of traction current magnetic fields in hybrid and electric vehicles - I: Simulation of basic restrictions in a seated human

Effect of Static Magnetic Field of Electric Vehicles on Driving Performance and on Neuro-Psychological Cognitive Functions

“…The EMFs inside the vehicles are either from vehicle drivers, and passengers exposed to long-term EMFs inside EVs is a considerable safety issue. The EMFs are induced by the electric powertrains [1,2,3,4,5,6], or by a portion of the electric system such as in the power cables [7], inverters [8], or batteries [6,9] of EVs; or from wireless communication systems [10,11]. EMF distributions from EVs, either time-varying EMFs [2,3,6,9], static magnetic fields (SMF) (including DC scenarios) [8,9], or synthesized scenarios of above two, have been evaluated by both measurements and computational simulations.…”

“…The EMFs are induced by the electric powertrains [1,2,3,4,5,6], or by a portion of the electric system such as in the power cables [7], inverters [8], or batteries [6,9] of EVs; or from wireless communication systems [10,11]. EMF distributions from EVs, either time-varying EMFs [2,3,6,9], static magnetic fields (SMF) (including DC scenarios) [8,9], or synthesized scenarios of above two, have been evaluated by both measurements and computational simulations. The EV-derived EMFs are in general in compliance with the basic restriction values of international standards [1,2,6], however, some EMFs levels in the scenarios in which the other parameters are in compliance with the basic restrictions may exceed the reference limits, threatening the safety of human health in EVs [3,4].…”

Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues in Electric Vehicle Applications

“…Electromagnetic shielding of cables constitutes an important concern in electric vehicle (EV) applications with considerations for developing particular standards for human exposure levels in the radiated electromagnetic fields. It has been determined that the switching frequency related magnetic field radiation generated by the implemented power electronic converters using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques can be of particular importance overwhelming the fundamental frequency effects [1]. In particular ICNIRP [2] has recently reduced the permissible limits of acceptable public exposure in the frequency range of 10 kHz corresponding to common switching frequency region implemented in converters.…”