According to the formation of urban-rural structure in the process of global urbanization, rural area plays an important role in supporting the healthy, liveable environment in cities and villages. With the dual pressure of ecological environment change and rapid urbanization, the rural landscape has obvious problems, resulting in the degradation or even disappearance of rural landscape, and assimilation of rural civilization. In order to identify the rural landscape problems and reveal its formation mechanism, this paper proposes a specific framework to analyze the vulnerability indicators of rural landscape, to reflect the vulnerability of rural human-natural systems and explore the driving factors, and to propose corresponding planning strategies to cope with the vulnerability and shaping liveable places. The study focuses on the typical villages in representative county, located in Heilongjiang, China. Based on the vulnerability components of exposure, sensitivity and adaptation, we construct the evaluation index of rural landscape vulnerability, and use the comprehensive index method to calculate the vulnerability threshold of 12 typical villages, exploring the driving factors combining Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Further, the framework will propose a way to communicate with practitioners and policy makers on reducing or coping with landscape vulnerability. It can thus serve as a tool for targeting the implementation of policies and practices aimed at improving the liveable rural settlements environment in villages.