Exposure to Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Among Youth in Public Housing: Do Community, Family, and Peers Matter?

Nebbitt, Von E.; Lombe, Margaret; Pitzer, Kyle; Foell, Andrew; Enelamah, Ngozi; Chu, Yoosun; Yu, Mansoo; Newransky, Chrisann; Gaylord‐Harden, Noni K.

doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00780-0

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For example, data collected from a sample of African American youth living in a West Baltimore public housing neighborhood found that more males than females had an incarcerated parent or a parent experiencing substance abuse problems . Other studies among youth in urban public housing tend to suggest that males are exposed to more delinquent peer , witness more violence (Nebbitt et al, 2020), and report encountering more neighborhood risk factors than females. Given the influence that highly encouraging and highly monitoring biological maternal caregivers have on their adolescent offspring in our sample, it is conceivable that some of the hardships experienced by males are related to their higher presence in nonbiological mothers' households.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal caregiver's typologies and internalized behaviors in African American adolescents living in urban public housing

Lombe

Nebbitt

Amano

et al. 2020

Journal Community Psychology

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Aims This study explores how variations in maternal caregiver types may be associated with adolescents' internalized behaviors (i.e., depressive symptoms) and resources (i.e., attitudes toward delinquent behaviors and efficacious beliefs). Method Using a sample of 375 African American youth from public housing in three large US cities, we used Latent Profile Analysis to identify various maternal caregiver classes. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether youth can be correctly classified into maternal caregiver classes based on their internalized behaviors. Results Three maternal caregiver classes were identified. Results suggest youth living with high encouragement and high (supervision) maternal caregivers were associated with more conventional attitudes, higher self‐efficacy, and lower depressive symptoms. Conclusion Findings highlight how maternal caregivers can influence the internalizing behaviors of African American youth in US public housing. Individual, community, and system‐level interventions can be leveraged to support the impact of these maternal caregivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal caregiver's typologies and internalized behaviors in African American adolescents living in urban public housing

Lombe

Nebbitt

Amano

et al. 2020

Journal Community Psychology

Self Cite

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“…Multilevel analyses and study designs became widespread in the 1990s, including in trauma research (Hughes et al, 2005; Koenen et al, 2009; Nebbitt et al, 2021; Neigh et al, 2009). However, it is challenging to investigate the full range of multilevel influences and their interactions, even in multilevel analyses.…”

Section: Strengths Of Agent-based Modeling For Trauma Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of agent-based modeling in trauma research.

Tracy¹,

Gordis²,

Strully³

et al. 2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objective: Trauma, violence, and their consequences for population health are shaped by complex, intersecting forces across the life span. We aimed to illustrate the strengths of agent-based modeling (ABM), a computational approach in which population-level patterns emerge from the behaviors and interactions of simulated individuals, for advancing trauma research; Method: We provide an overview of agent-based modeling for trauma research, including a discussion of the model development process, ABM as a complement to other causal inference and complex systems approaches in trauma research, and past ABM applications in the trauma literature; Results: We use existing ABM applications to illustrate the strengths of ABM for trauma research, including incorporating interactions between individuals, simulating processes across multiple scales, examining life-course effects, testing alternate theories, comparing intervention strategies in a virtual laboratory, and guiding decision making. We also discuss the challenges of applying ABM to trauma research and offer specific suggestions for incorporating ABM into future studies of trauma and violence; Conclusion: Agent-based modeling is a useful complement to other methodological advances in trauma research. We recommend a more widespread adoption of ABM, particularly for research into patterns and consequences of individual traumatic experiences across the life course and understanding the effects of interventions that may be influenced by social norms and social network structures. Clinical Impact StatementThis article provides an overview of agent-based modeling (ABM), including its strengths, challenges, and future directions in trauma research. ABM approaches can account for the complex, multilevel nature of trauma and violence exposure and their population health consequences across the life course, enabling insight into optimal intervention strategies and guiding decision making. Past ABM studies in the trauma literature have mostly focused on disaster preparedness, postdisaster planning, and addressing community violence. More widespread use of ABM in trauma research, particularly applied to childhood maltreatment and domestic violence, may enhance our understanding and prevention of trauma and its consequences.

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“…Exposure to community violence has been related to a range of negative outcomes among adolescents, such as mental health problems 6 , depression 7 , anxiety 8 , post-traumatic stress disorder 9 , aggression 10 and delinquency 11 . Studies using neuroimaging have shown an association between ECV and reduced gray matter volume and lower IQ 12 , and ECV in early adolescence as a predictor of lower hippocampal and amygdala volume in late adolescence, which may imply impairments in learning, memory, and emotion processing 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A exposição à violência comunitária tem sido relacionada a uma gama de desfechos negativos entre os adolescentes, como problemas de saúde mental 6 , depressão 7 , ansiedade 8 , transtorno de estresse pós-traumático 9 , agressão 10 e delinquência 11 . Estudos utilizando neuroimagem mostraram associação entre EVC e redução de volume da substância cinzenta e menor QI 12 e EVC no início da adolescência como fator preditor de menor volume do hipocampo e da amígdala ao final da adolescência, o que pode implicar em prejuízos na aprendizagem, memória e no processamento de emoções 13 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

My Exposure to Violence: tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro

Carvalho

Macena

2022

Rev. saúde pública

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OBJETIVO Traduzir e adaptar para português brasileiro o instrumento de aferição de exposição à violência comunitária, My Exposure to Violence. MÉTODOS Estudo psicométrico de tradução e adaptação transcultural em sete etapas: (I) traduções iniciais, (II) síntese das traduções, (III) retrotraduções, (IV) pré-adaptação transcultural, (V) avaliação por comitê de juízes, (VI) pré-teste e (VII) submissão ao autor original. Na etapa V oito juízes avaliaram a equivalência de conteúdo do instrumento, sendo calculado o índice de validade de conteúdo para cada item (IVC-I) e para a média do instrumento (IVC-M), considerando-se um IVC-I ≥ 0,78 como excelente e um IVC-M ≥ 0,80 como aceitável e ≥ 0,90 como excelente. O pré-teste foi realizado com 39 adolescentes matriculados em uma instituição de ensino em Fortaleza, no Ceará, sendo avaliada a compreensibilidade dos itens. RESULTADOS Na etapa I, duas traduções foram produzidas, com poucas diferenças entre si. Estas foram dirimidas na etapa II, gerando a versão síntese (T12). Na etapa III, os itens retrotraduzidos refletiram o mesmo conteúdo dos itens da versão original. Na etapa IV, ocorreu a revisão de T12 pelos autores, que realizaram modificações linguísticas específicas, de modo a facilitar o entendimento. Na etapa V, um item (22) apresentou IVC < 0,78. Devido a pertinência das sugestões, 19 dos 23 itens (82,60%) sofreram modificações. O IVC-M do instrumento foi 0,92. Na etapa VI, a média de idade dos participantes foi de 17,48 anos (DP = 1,27). A versão pré-final teve 21 dos 23 itens (91,30%) totalmente compreendidos por mais de 90% dos participantes. Não foram realizadas alterações na versão final. CONCLUSÕES O My Exposure to Violence foi adaptado transculturalmente para o português brasileiro, tendo sido bem compreendido pela população alvo. Outras propriedades psicométricas, como confiabilidade e validade, devem ser avaliadas em estudos posteriores para fortalecer as evidências da versão traduzida e adaptada.

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Exposure to Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Among Youth in Public Housing: Do Community, Family, and Peers Matter?

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Maternal caregiver's typologies and internalized behaviors in African American adolescents living in urban public housing

Maternal caregiver's typologies and internalized behaviors in African American adolescents living in urban public housing

Applications of agent-based modeling in trauma research.

My Exposure to Violence: tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro

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