Exposure to Smoking in Popular Contemporary Movies and Youth Smoking in Germany

Hanewinkel, Reiner; Sargent, James D.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.025

Cited by 82 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, 80% of the top box office hits in Germany were Hollywood releases, and German adolescents viewed and responded in ways similar to their US counterparts [5,11]. Thus, far from being 'awkward for the core thesis', the parallel declines in smoking in internationally distributed Hollywood movies and youth smoking in many countries are consistent with a causal interpretation and published attributable risk figures [10,17].…”

Section: Evidence-based Policy: An R-rating For Movies With Smokingsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Evidence used by the NCI to conclude that exposure to movie smoking causes adolescent smoking was not based upon simple trend analysis, as suggested, but on a broad collection of evidence-including a historical analysis; content analyses of smoking in movies; exposure assessments among adolescents; and the convergence of results from carefully conducted experiments, qualitative investigations and epidemiological studies of adolescent attitudes and behavior involving thousands of individuals (now from several countries). Additional cross-sectional [4][5][6][7] and longitudinal [8][9][10][11] studies, some showing that positive tobacco attitudes mediate the effect of movies on behavior [7,8,12], and all published since the NCI monograph was written, bolster the causal conclusion.…”

Section: Evidence-based Policy: An R-rating For Movies With Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

[Commentary] EVIDENCE‐BASED POLICY: AN R‐RATING FOR MOVIES WITH SMOKING

Hanewinkel

2009

Addiction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Evidence-based Policy: An R-rating For Movies With Smokingsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Evidence-based Policy: An R-rating For Movies With Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Commentary] EVIDENCE‐BASED POLICY: AN R‐RATING FOR MOVIES WITH SMOKING

Hanewinkel

2009

Addiction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These results are similar to prior studies demonstrating the effect smoking in the movies has on smoking initiation in adolescents. 3,[5][6][7][8]13,[41][42][43] Exposure to smoking at the highest quartile corresponded to an AOR of 1.77 (1.213) for 30-day young adult smoking. Previous studies on adolescents reported a strong effect of exposure on smoking initiation, 2.5013 (95% CI=1.7-3.5) to 2.718 (95% CI=1.7-3.50) for the highest quartile of movie exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking in Movies and Increased Smoking Among Young Adults

Song

Ling

Neilands

et al. 2007

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-This study assessed whether smoking in the movies was associated with smoking in young adults.Methods-A national web-enabled cross-sectional survey of 1528 young adults, aged 18-25, was performed between September and November 2005. Logistic regression and path analysis using probit regression were used to assess relationships between exposure to smoking in the movies and smoking behavior. Analysis was completed in December 2006.Results-Exposure to smoking in the movies predicted current smoking. The adjusted odds of current smoking increased by a factor of 1.21 for each quartile increase in exposure to smoking (p<0.01) in the movies, reaching 1.77 for the top exposure quartile. The unadjusted odds of established smoking (100+ cigarettes with current smoking) increased by 1.23 per quartile (p<0.001) of exposure, reaching 1.86 for the top quartile. This effect on established smoking was mediated by two factors related to smoking in the movies: positive expectations about smoking and exposure to friends and relatives who smoked, with positive expectations accounting for about two thirds of the effect. Conclusions-The association between smoking in the movies and young adult smoking behavior exhibited a dose-response relationship; the more a young adult was exposed to smoking in the movies, the more likely he or she would have smoked in the past 30 days or have become an established smoker.

show abstract

“…94 Finally, good longitudinal evidence is emerging to indicate that watching more movie depictions of alcohol is strongly predictive of drinking onset and binge drinking in US adolescents, 86,95,96 and the same results are being found for adolescents from other countries. 82,97 …”

Section: Drugs In Entertainment Media Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…81 The movie effect seems not to be confined to US teenagers but applies also to teenagers from other countries as well. 82,83 Alcohol Alcohol remains the number one drug portrayed on American television: 1 drinking scene is shown every 22 minutes, compared with 1 smoking scene every 57 minutes and 1 illicit drug use scene every 112 minutes. 84 On Music Television (MTV), teenagers can see alcohol use every 14 minutes.…”

Section: Drugs In Entertainment Media Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

Strasburger¹

2010

Pediatrics

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The causes of adolescent substance use are multifactorial, but the media can play a key role. Tobacco and alcohol represent the 2 most significant drug threats to adolescents. More than $25 billion per year is spent on advertising for tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs, and such advertising has been shown to be effective. Digital media are increasingly being used to advertise drugs. In addition, exposure to PG-13-and R-rated movies at an early age may be a major factor in the onset of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a ban on all tobacco advertising in all media, limitations on alcohol advertising, avoiding exposure of young children to substance-related (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs, illegal drugs) content on television and in PG-13-and R-rated movies, incorporating the topic of advertising and media into all substance abuseprevention programs, and implementing media education programs in the classroom. Pediatrics 2010;126:791-799 INTRODUCTIONAlthough parents, schools, and the federal government are trying to get children and teenagers to "just say no" to drugs, more than $25 billion worth of cigarette, alcohol, and prescription drug advertising is effectively working to get them to "just say yes" to smoking, drinking, and other drugs. 1,2 In addition, television programs and movies contain appreciable amounts of substance use. Unlike traditional advertising, media depictions of legal drugs are generally positive and invite no criticism, because they are not viewed as advertising. 3 The result is that young people receive mixed messages about substance use, and the media contribute significantly to the risk that young people will engage in substance use. ADOLESCENT DRUG USEAlthough illegal drugs take their toll on American society, 2 legal drugs-alcohol and tobacco-pose perhaps the greatest danger to children and teenagers. Both represent significant gateway drugs and are among the earliest drugs used by children or teenagers. A preadolescent or adolescent who smokes tobacco or drinks alcohol is 65 times more likely to use marijuana, for example, than someone who abstains. 4 The younger the age at which experimentation occurs, the greater the risk of serious health problems. 5 Every year, more than 400 000 Americans die from illnesses directly related to cigarette use-more than from AIDS, car crashes, murder, and suicide combined. 6 More than 100 000 deaths annually can be attributed to exces-THE COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA

show abstract

Exposure to Smoking in Popular Contemporary Movies and Youth Smoking in Germany

Abstract: Background-Studies have linked exposure to movie smoking and smoking initiation among U.S. adolescents, but there has been only one published study of adolescents outside the U.S.

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

[Commentary] EVIDENCE‐BASED POLICY: AN R‐RATING FOR MOVIES WITH SMOKING

[Commentary] EVIDENCE‐BASED POLICY: AN R‐RATING FOR MOVIES WITH SMOKING

Smoking in Movies and Increased Smoking Among Young Adults

Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About