Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petrochemical industries by measurement of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene.

Boogaard, Peter J.; Sittert, N. J. Van

doi:10.1136/oem.51.4.250

Cited by 96 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The half-life for urinary 1-PYR in humans has been reported to be 9.8 hours (Brzeznicki et al 1997) and 6-35 hours (Jongeneelen et al 1990) after inhalation exposure, 4.4 hours (Buckley and Lioy 1992) and 12 hours after ingestion exposure, 11.5-15 hours after dermal absorption , and 3.9-26.7 hours (average 10.4 hours) after inhalation and dermal absorption (Boogaard and van Sittert, 1994). Information on half-lives of the other OH-PAHs is scarce; however, since these are the same group of metabolites formed under similar biological pathways, we can reasonably deduce that other OH-PAHs measured in this study would have similar half-lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Romanoff

Lewin

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

117

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Urinary hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are commonly used in biomonitoring to assess exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Similar to other biologically non-persistent chemicals, OH-PAHs have relatively short biological half-lives (4.4-35 hours). Little information is available on their variability in urinary concentrations over time in non-occupationally exposed subjects. This study was designed to (i) study the variability of 9 urinary OH-PAH metabolite concentrations over time and (ii) calculate sample size requirements for future epidemiological studies based on spot urine, first morning void and 24-hour void sampling. Individual urine samples (n = 427) were collected during one week from 8 nonoccupationally exposed adults. We recorded the time and volume of each urine excretion, dietary details, and the driving activities of the participants. Within subjects, the coefficients of variation (CV) for the wet-weight concentration of OH-PAHs in all samples ranged from 45% to 297%; creatinine adjustment reduced the CV to 19-288% (p < 0.001; paired t-test). The simulated 24-hour void concentrations were the least variable measure, with CVs ranging 13-182% for the 9 OH-PAHs. Within-day variability contributed on average 84%, and between-day variability accounted for 16% of the total variance of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 1-PYR levels were 0.55 for spot urine samples, 0.60 for first-morning voids, and 0.76 for 24-hour voids, indicating a high degree of correlation between urine measurements collected from the same subject over time. Sample size calculations were performed to estimate the number of subjects needed for detecting differences in geometric mean at a statistical power of 80% for spot urine, first-morning, and 24-hour void sampling. These data will aid in the design of future studies of PAHs and possibly other biologically non-persistent chemicals and the interpretation of their analytical results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Romanoff

Lewin

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

117

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“…For example, the use of dermal protection in the form of impermeable polyvinyl chloride suits led to a substantial decrease in the urinary concentrations of 1-HP 86) . Frequent changes of work clothes and underclothes reduced 1-HP excretion by 37-55% 87,88) .…”

Section: Metabolites In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Jakubowski

Trzcinka-Ochocka

2005

Journal of Occupational Health

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In the United States it belongs rather to the field of occupational hygiene. It seems that both the approaches can be accepted. More attention should be paid to the development of the truly health-based biomarkers of exposure based on the dose-effect and dose-response relationships. New areas of application of BM of occupational exposure include determination of DNA and protein adducts, unchanged volatile organic compounds in urine, monitoring of exposure to pesticides, antineoplastic drugs, hard metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the general environment BM is the most valuable tool for acquiring knowledge of current levels of internal exposure to xenobiotics, identifying the hot spots and developments in trends of exposure. BM can provide policy makers with more accurate information on the control measures undertaken. At present, the main areas include heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and pesticides. BM of chemical exposure has become increasingly important in the assessment of the health risk in occupational and environmental medicine. Therefore it would be worthwhile to include BM in the curricula for the training of occupational hygienists. (J Occup Health 2005; 47: 22-48)

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“…Several studies, predominantly focused on 1-PYR, have been conducted to estimate half-life (t 1/2 ) from various exposure routes. The t 1/2 after inhalation exposure has been determined to be 6.0-29 h. [12][13][14] For ingestion exposure, the 1-PYR t 1/2 was reported to be 4.4-12 h. [15][16][17] For dermal absorption, the 1-PYR t 1/2 was estimated at 11.5-15 h. 17,18 In several occupational studies on workers exposed through both inhalation and dermal absorption, the average t 1/2 ranged 10.4-18 h. [19][20][21] Increasingly, PAH biomonitoring studies are being carried out using multiple biomarkers in addition to 1-PYR. Some biomarkers or metabolic patterns have been proposed to be associated with specific sources or risk factors due to the change of enzyme polymorphism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion Profiles and Half-Lives of Ten Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites after Dietary Exposure

Romanoff

Bartell

et al. 2012

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

172

130

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Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be assessed by biomonitoring of their urinary mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs). Limited information exists on the human pharmacokinetics of OH-PAHs. This study aimed to investigate the excretion half-life of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR), the most used biomarker for PAH exposure, and 9 other OH-PAHs following a dietary exposure in 9 non-smoking volunteers with no occupational exposure to PAHs. Each person avoided food with known high PAH-content during the study period, except for a high PAH-containing lunch (barbecued chicken) on the first day. Individual urine samples (n = 217) were collected from 15 hours before to 60 hours following the dietary exposure. Levels of all OH-PAHs in all subjects increased rapidly by 9-141 fold after the exposure, followed by a decrease consistent with first order kinetics, and returned to background levels 24-48 hours after the exposure. The average time to reach maximal concentration ranged from 3.1 h (1-naphthol) to 5.5 h (1-PYR). Creatinine-adjusted urine concentrations for each metabolite were analyzed using a non-linear mixed effects model including a term to estimate background exposure. The background-adjusted half-life estimate was 3.9 h for 1-PYR and ranged 2.5-6.1 h for the other 9 OH-PAHs, which in general, were shorter than those previously reported. The maximum concentrations after the barbecued chicken consumption were comparable to the levels found in reported occupational settings with known high PAH exposures. It is essential to consider the relatively short half-life, the timing of samples relative to exposures, and the effect of diet when conducting PAH exposure biomonitoring studies.

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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petrochemical industries by measurement of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene.

Cited by 96 publications

References 20 publications

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Excretion Profiles and Half-Lives of Ten Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites after Dietary Exposure

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