Exposure to phytoestrogens in utero and age at menarche in a contemporary British cohort

Marks, Kristin J.; Hartman, Terryl J.; Taylor, Ethel; Rybak, Michael E.; Northstone, Kate; Marcus, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.030

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…From this aspect, the immune system could not be an exception. The time of menarche is earlier in the Asian populations and today, since the extreme consumption of phytosteroids in Europe, similar tendency can be observed [76,77]. There are not exact evidences to similar alterations in case of immune system; however, it can be strongly supposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of endocrine disruptor phytoestrogens on the immune system: Present and future

Csaba

2018

AMicr

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Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are bound by steroid receptors, have steroid-like effects, and by this, negatively influence hormone-regulated processes. Phytoestrogens, which are consumed in enormously high amount by man, are also EDs; however, in contrast to industrial or communal EDs, in some cases have beneficial effects. As immune cells have steroid (first of all, estrogen) nuclear and plasma membrane receptors, which bind phytostrogens (genistein, daidzein, etc.), the development, lifespan, and function of them are deeply influenced by phytoestrogens. They can provoke perinatal faulty hormonal imprinting with lifelong consequences. However, faulty imprinting can be developed not only perinatally but also in other critical periods of life, as weaning, adolescence, and even in continuously dividing cells (e.g., hemopoietic cells) during the whole life. This means that the phytoestrogens could cause direct - instant or long-lasting - steroid effects and durable imprinting effects. As the effect of hormonal imprinting is epigenetically inherited, the phytoestrogen's effects appear in the progeny generations, and the generationally repeated disruptor effects will be different from the present ones. This could also be manifested in the amount, type, and appearance of autoimmune diseases. The consumption of soy is enormously growing, and its immune effect is extended. As the immune system influences basic physiological processes, it seems likely that evolutionary alterations will be observed. In this case, some phytoestrogens will be needed for the normal life of man, as it happened in the case of vitamins A and D, which are already life-important exohormones. However, quantitatively or qualitatively enormous amount of phytoestrogens will cause pathological and epigenetically inherited alterations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of endocrine disruptor phytoestrogens on the immune system: Present and future

Csaba

2018

AMicr

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“…Phytoestrogens play a two-way role in changing and promoting estrogen activity. When the levels of estrogen are low in vivo, phytoestrogens have an estrogen-like effect; when the levels are high, they exert antiestrogenic activity by competitively binding to estrogen receptors [ 16 , 17 ]. Therefore, phytoestrogens are known as natural, selective estrogen receptor modulators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2018

Molecules

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The aim of this study was to investigate the estrogen-like effects of 2-phenylacetamide (PA), which is the main compound isolated from the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd (LA). Results showed that LA and PA could promote the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The mouse uterine weight test showed that, LA and PA could increase the uterus index of immature female mice, and the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen (E2). LA could increase the expression of ERα and ERβ, while PA could increase the expression of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in the uterus and MCF-7 cells. In addition, co-incubation of the estrogen receptor blocker with LA or PA abolished the inductive effect of the proliferation. PA has estrogenic activities and was the material basis of LA that played the estrogenic effect. LA and PA might be used for the treatment of perimenopause syndrome in a novel application.

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“…Interestingly and relevantly, these processes occur in a sexually-dimorphic way [115]. Early phytoestrogens exposure seems to be associated with the age of puberty; however, the direction of this link seems to depend on the single phytoestrogen [182].…”

Section: Development: Pregnancy Lactation and Developmental Trajmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex–Gender Effects in the Road to Tailored Botanicals

Campesi

Romani

Franconi³

2019

Nutrients

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Phenols are a wide family of phytochemicals that are characterized by large chemical diversity and are considered to bioactive molecules of foods, beverages, and botanicals. Although they have a multitude of biological actions, their beneficial effects are rarely evidenced in clinical practice. This may occur due to the presence of numerous confounders, such as the modulation of phenol bioavailability, which can be regulated by microbiota, age, sex-gender. Sex-gender is an important determinant of health and well-being, and has an impact on environmental and occupational risks, access to health care, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes. In addition, xenobiotic responses may be strongly influenced by sex-gender. This review describes how sex–gender differentially influences the activities of phenols also in some critical periods of women life such as pregnancy and lactation, considering also the sex of fetuses and infants. Thus, sex–gender is a variable that must be carefully considered and should be used to propose directions for future research on the road to tailored medicine and nutrition.

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Exposure to phytoestrogens in utero and age at menarche in a contemporary British cohort

Cited by 27 publications

References 68 publications

Effect of endocrine disruptor phytoestrogens on the immune system: Present and future

Effect of endocrine disruptor phytoestrogens on the immune system: Present and future

2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo

The Sex–Gender Effects in the Road to Tailored Botanicals

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