Exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus

Liu, Gang; Zong, Geng; Dhana, Klodian; Hu, Yang; Blount, Benjamin C.; Morel-Espinosa, Maria; Sun, Qi

doi:10.1093/ije/dyx188

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…There are some papers which investigate into the possible relationship between perchlorate exposure and other health disruptions. Liu et al [136] suggested linking the increased risk of type 2 diabetes with increased exposure to perchlorate and other goitrogens. Formed upon data obtained from NHANES 2001-2014, 11,443 people were tested for perchlorate levels and then obtained data were correlated with prevalence of diabetes in studied group.…”

Section: Other Potential Perchlorate Exposure Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 10 years, numerous studies also describe other possible perchlorate side effects than just thyroid effects. There are also works on the risk of diabetes, thyroid cancer, changes in blood morphology, parathyroid disorder or even hearing disorders [135][136][137][138][139][140]. The latter are less frequent than those focusing on disruptions of thyroid hormone levels, which are often missed out in various studies.…”

Section: Other Potential Perchlorate Exposure Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Niziński

Błażewicz

Kończyk

et al. 2020

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Interest in perchlorate as environmental pollutant has increased since 1997, when high concentrations have been found in the waters of the Colorado River, USA. Perchlorate is very persistent in nature and it is slowly degraded. Although harmful effects of large doses of perchlorate on thyroid function have been proven, the environmental effects are still unclear. The primary objective of the present review is to collect prevailing data of perchlorate exposure and to discuss its impact on human health. The results show that more than 50% of reviewed works found significant associations of perchlorate exposure and human health. This review consists of the following sections: general information of perchlorate sources, its properties and determination methods, role and sources in human body including food and water intake, overview of the scientific literature on the research on the effect of perchlorate on human health from 2010 to 2020. Finally, conclusions and recommendations on future perchlorate studies concerning human exposure are presented.

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Section: Other Potential Perchlorate Exposure Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Potential Perchlorate Exposure Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Niziński

Błażewicz

Kończyk

et al. 2020

Reviews on Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hence, further validation studies with species and portionsize considered are needed. Fourth, low levels of thiocyanate could also be found in milk and cassava (10,51,52), hence, urinary thiocyanate is not perfectly specific for CVs in this non-smoking population. However, the inverse associations were not significantly altered by adjusting the total dairy adequacy component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and dietary information was collected with questionnaires by trained interviewers. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, and others ( 10 , 18 ). Family poverty income ratio (PIR), a measure of family income, was classified into three categories (<1.3, 1.3- < 3.5, ≥ 3.5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elimination of thiocyanate occurs in the kidneys, and the half-life of thiocyanate is 3 days in individuals without renal insufficiency ( 8 ). Cigarette smoking makes considerable difference in the major source of thiocyanate, and thiocyanate primarily originates from tobacco for smokers and diet for non-smokers, respectively ( 10 ). Moreover, urinary thiocyanate levels vary between smokers and non-smokers, and smokers have much higher urinary thiocyanate measurements ( 11 , 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher Levels of Urinary Thiocyanate, a Biomarker of Cruciferous Vegetable Intake, Were Associated With Lower Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality Among Non-smoking Subjects

et al. 2022

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BackgroundEpidemiologic studies on cruciferous vegetable (CV) intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were inconclusive.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of urinary thiocyanate, a biomarker of CV intake, with CVD and all-cause mortality among non-smoking adults.MethodsThis prospective cohort study comprised 10,489 non-smoking adults (weighted mean age, 46.8 years; 43.4% male) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2014. Non-smokers were defined as subjects with serum cotinine < 3 ng/mL. Urinary thiocyanate was measured with ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at baseline, and CVD and all-cause mortality were identified through linkage to National Death Index until December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD and all-cause mortality.ResultsA total of 800 deaths, of which 136 died of CVD, were ascertained within a median 7.8 years of follow-up. Urinary thiocyanate was positively correlated with total CV intake among non-smoking adults (rs = 0.088, P < 0.001). Comparing extreme quartiles, the multivariate-adjusted HRs for CVD and all-cause mortality were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29–0.85) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.92), respectively. Each 1 μg/g creatinine increment of log-transformed urinary thiocyanate was associated with a 25% (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.62–0.91) reduced CVD mortality risk and 12% (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81–0.96) reduced all-cause mortality risk. The documented inverse associations persisted in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIncreased levels of urinary thiocyanate, a candidate biomarker of CV intake, were associated with low risks of CVD and total mortality among non-smoking adults. This prospective biomarker-based study provided further evidence to support the cardiovascular benefits of CVs.

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Association of environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate with overweight/obesity and central obesity among children and adolescents in the United States of America using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016

Jiang

2022

New Drctns Chld & Adlscnt

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The association of overweight/obesity, and central obesity with thiocyanate (SCN), perchlorate (CIO), and nitrate (NO) in childhood and adolescence is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this association in 4447 participants comprising children and adolescents (aged 6–19 years) using data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016. SCN level was positively associated with overweight/obesity in both children and adolescents, while CIO level was negatively associated with overweight/obesity only in children; however, no significant association was found for NO level. Similar associations were found between SCN level and central obesity. Thus, our results suggest that SCN exposure was associated with overweight/obesity and central obesity in both children and adolescents, while a negative association was observed for CIO in children. Strategies to monitor the exposure levels and the mechanisms underlying the relationship between exposure and the weight parameters are recommended.

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Exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus

Abstract: Higher urinary perchlorate levels are associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus, independent of traditional risk factors. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Cited by 28 publications

References 53 publications

Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Higher Levels of Urinary Thiocyanate, a Biomarker of Cruciferous Vegetable Intake, Were Associated With Lower Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality Among Non-smoking Subjects

Association of environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate with overweight/obesity and central obesity among children and adolescents in the United States of America using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016

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