Exposure to PBB-153 and Digit Ratio

Wainstock, Tamar; Pearce, Bradley D.; Barr, Dana Boyd; Marder, M. Elizabeth; Terrell, Metrecia L.; Marcus, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.07.004

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While literature on this topic is sparse, our results are consistent with the null findings in the only other paper in humans assessing in utero exposure to EDCs, albeit to a non-dioxin like compound, PBB-153, and 2D:4D ratio (20). In addition, our finding of a significantly higher 2D:4D digit ratio in females than males agrees with the literature (4, 6, 7, 9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Potential confounders were identified a priori from the literature and using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Maternal age at explosion, child age, and maternal smoking during pregnancy were identified as potential confounders (20,44). Based on the DAG, we selected a minimally sufficient set of covariates to block all backdoor paths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a scarcity of research on the association between in utero exposure to exogenous EDCs and 2D:4D ratio (14,19,20). In mice, perinatal exposure to estrogenic or antiandrogenic compounds including bisphenol A (BPA) alone or combined with vinclozolin or genistein was related to a higher digit ratio in males as well as in their male offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mice, perinatal exposure to estrogenic or antiandrogenic compounds including bisphenol A (BPA) alone or combined with vinclozolin or genistein was related to a higher digit ratio in males as well as in their male offspring. Wainstock et al (20) examined 2D:4D ratio in children of Michigan residents exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), an EDC. Estimated in utero PBB exposure was nonsignificantly associated with increased digit ratio in females but not males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimated in utero PBB exposure was nonsignificantly associated with increased digit ratio in females but not males. However, the sample size included only 19 males and 32 females (20). To our knowledge, no other epidemiologic studies have examined in utero exposure to EDCs and 2D:4D ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The 2nd to 4th digit length ratio (2D:4D) among children of Seveso women exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Slama

Warner

Mocarelli

et al. 2019

Early Human Development

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Background: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sensitive developmental windows, such as in utero, may influence disease later in life but direct measurement of fetal hormones is not feasible. The ratio of the length of the second finger digit to the fourth digit (2D:4D), a sexually dimorphic trait, is a biomarker of androgen levels and the androgen/estrogen balance in utero. However, it is unclear whether in utero EDC exposure might alter 2D:4D ratio. Aims: We examined 2D:4D ratio in Seveso children in relation to in utero exposure to a potent EDC, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) using linear regression. Study design: The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) is a historical cohort study, following the health of women exposed to TCDD during a 1976 explosion in Seveso, Italy. Individual-level TCDD was measured for SWHS in serum collected soon after the accident. In 2014, the SWHS children born after the explosion were enrolled in the Seveso Second Generation Study. Subjects: 594 SWHS children born post-explosion to 397 mothers. Outcome Measures: Right hand 2D:4D ratio. Results: On average, 2D:4D ratio for males was significantly lower than for females (p<0.05). Overall, in utero TCDD exposure, either as maternal initial serum TCDD concentration or as TCDD extrapolated to pregnancy was not significantly associated with 2D:4D ratio in Seveso children. Results from all adjusted sensitivity analyses remained non-significant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The 2nd to 4th digit length ratio (2D:4D) among children of Seveso women exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Slama

Warner

Mocarelli

et al. 2019

Early Human Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Effects of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on the second to fourth digit ratio in children aged 4 years

Chen

Miao

Liang

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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The association between second to fourth digit ratio, reproductive and general health among women: findings from an Israeli pregnancy cohort

Tabachnik

Wainstock

2020

Sci Rep

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The ratio between the length of second and fourth digits (2D:4D) is a putative biomarker for prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure. The aim of the study was to examine the association between 2D:4D and women's general and reproductive health. This analysis was conducted within a prospective pregnancy cohort study. The study population included 187 women. 2D:4D was measured directly in both hands using a digital caliper. Multivariable linear and logistic models were used to study the associations between digit ratio and the studied health characteristics. Mean age of the participants was 30.7 ± 4.9 years. The mean age at menarche was 12.9 ± 1.4 years. Right hand 2D:4D mean ± SD was 0.965 ± 0.03. Left hand 2D:4D mean ± SD was 0.956 ± 0.03. An association was found between right 2D:4D and age at menarche, with older age in women with 2D:4D ≥ mean versus 2D:4D < mean (13.2 ± 1.5 and 12.8 ± 1.3 respectively, b = 0.48, 95%CI:0.06-0.91) while controlling for ethnicity. Higher 2D:4D was also associated with heavier menses bleeding and dysmenorrhea. There is an association between 2D:4D and sub optimal reproductive characteristics, including later age at menarche, heavier menses bleeding and dysmenorrhea. These findings support the association between the intrauterine period and reproductive characteristics. further studies are required to support our findings. The ratio between lengths of the second and the fourth digits (index and ring fingers) (2D:4D) is a putative biomarker of prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure 1. 2D:4D is sexually dimorphic, and males' 2D:4D is relatively shorter than females' 2,3. 2D:4D is observed at as early as the end of the first trimester 4,5. Relative digit length is considered steady at ages 2 to 25 6 , although other studies suggest that 2D:4D does mildly increase during childhood but remains steady during puberty 7,8. 2D:4D was suggested to be associated with Hox gene family 2,3. Homeobox genes Hox a and Hox d may indirectly influence the prenatal production of androgen by controlling the differentiation of the urogenital system as well as digit development. Considering this, it was suggested that there may be an association between prenatal hormonal function and digit formation, and 2D:4D was proposed as an indicator of first trimester testosterone and estrogen levels, reflecting the Hox genes' action on differentiation 9,10. Environmental exposure to toxicants is critical during early development stages, such as the perinatal period, in which there is a heightened vulnerability to exposures due to potential permanent effect on health and development 11. Previous research showed association between prenatal hormonal environment and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and 2D:4D in animals 12,13 and humans 2,10,14-16. Conversely, some studies found no support for such association 17-19. Assessing the prenatal hormonal environment directly from the fetus in utero is challenging because of the risk for the fetus. Therefor other methods have been used to evaluate prenatal ...

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Exposure to PBB-153 and Digit Ratio

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

The 2nd to 4th digit length ratio (2D:4D) among children of Seveso women exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The 2nd to 4th digit length ratio (2D:4D) among children of Seveso women exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Effects of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on the second to fourth digit ratio in children aged 4 years

The association between second to fourth digit ratio, reproductive and general health among women: findings from an Israeli pregnancy cohort

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