Exposure to microwave irradiation at constant culture temperature slows the growth ofEscherichia coliDE3 cells, leading to modified proteomic profiles

Abstract

E. coli growth is slowed by exposure to non-lethal microwave irradiation, accompanied by changes in proteomic profiles.

Optimized Proteome Reduction for Integrative Top–Down Proteomics

“…Although there have been previous reports assessing, to some extent, the use of reducing reagents in 2DE, there does not appear to be a direct assessment between different sample types treated with these reagents, either alone or in combination [ 27 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 46 , 51 , 52 ]. It is acknowledged that there will not be a ‘perfect’ one-size-fits-all method; however, the goal here was to establish an optimized general protocol to enhance 2DE resolution and thus a breadth of research supported by routine integrative top–down proteomic analyses [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. The data clearly indicate that for native proteome extracts, reduction using 100 mM DTT + 5 mM TBP prior to sample rehydration into IPG strips is superior to the current ‘standard’ as well as to other reagents previously reported in the literature.…”

A systematic review on cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation

“…• The systematic review methodology by OHAT and the risk of bias tool evaluating the validity of experimental design and conduct within research works were followed. detailed level are as follows: calcium leakage (He et al, 2014), + + H ∕K secretions (Torgomyan et al, 2011), reactive oxygen species (Shaw et al, 2021), oxidoreductive activity (Strašák et al, 2002), nucleic acid and protein contents (Mazinani et al, 2019;Woo et al, 2000;Yan et al, 2021), β-galactosidase activity (Saffer & Profenno, 1992), glutathione (Shaw et al, 2021), membrane permeability (Shamis et al, 2011), dielectric measurements (Al-Harbi et al, 2018, mutation (Koyama et al, 2004), morphology (Dixit et al, 2021), and chemotaxis (Eisenbach et al, 1983).…”

“…As can be noticed, most studies have addressed macroscopic endpoints such as cell growth through optical density (OD), viability, and proliferation, while giving less attention to microscopic mechanisms underlying these endpoints. Some examples of studies that have investigated endpoints at a more detailed level are as follows: calcium leakage (He et al, 2014), $${{\rm{H}}}^{+}\unicode{x02215}{{\rm{K}}}^{+}$$ secretions (Torgomyan et al, 2011), reactive oxygen species (Shaw et al, 2021), oxidoreductive activity (Strašák et al, 2002), nucleic acid and protein contents (Mazinani et al, 2019; Woo et al, 2000; Yan et al, 2021), $${\rm{\beta }}$$‐galactosidase activity (Saffer & Profenno, 1992), glutathione (Shaw et al, 2021), membrane permeability (Shamis et al, 2011), dielectric measurements (Al‐Harbi et al, 2018), mutation (Koyama et al, 2004), morphology (Dixit et al, 2021), and chemotaxis (Eisenbach et al, 1983).…”

“…The evaluation of nonthermal bioeffects that has concerned the public and research communities over using electromagnetic field (EMF) technology is challenging due to their indistinctive boundary (Ponne & Bartels, 1995). Albeit many studies have attempted to discriminate between thermal and nonthermal irradiation through monitoring culture temperature via different cooling techniques, the issue of appearing hotspots and thereby nonuniform heating remains a challenge in the experimental setup (Kubo et al, 2020;Mazinani et al, 2019).…”

“…The evaluation of nonthermal bioeffects that has concerned the public and research communities over using electromagnetic field (EMF) technology is challenging due to their indistinctive boundary (Ponne & Bartels, 1995). Albeit many studies have attempted to discriminate between thermal and nonthermal irradiation through monitoring culture temperature via different cooling techniques, the issue of appearing hotspots and thereby nonuniform heating remains a challenge in the experimental setup (Kubo et al, 2020; Mazinani et al, 2019). When comparing the research works that report thermal outcomes with those reporting nonthermal outcomes in terms of temperature control techniques, thermal fluctuations, and stirring techniques for the suspension (Nakouti et al, 2017; Redlarski et al, 2015; Rougier et al, 2014; Saffer & Profenno, 1992), this division seems inconsistent and more complex than just no alteration in temperature.…”