Exposure to microplastics (&lt;10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study

Zuccarello, Pietro; Ferrante, Margherita; Cristaldi, Antonio; Copat, Chiara; Grasso, Alfio Dario; Sangregorio, Deborah; Conti, Gea Oliveri

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.091

Cited by 253 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…During the second-level screening, the full papers were scrutinized, and 112 studies were removed with reasons (S1 Appendix) and seven were included. When the searches were rerun, five more studies were included after the first and second level screening (Fig 1), resulting in 12 studies [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] finally included in this systematic review.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

2020

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Background Microplastics (MPs) are omnipresent in the environment, including the human food chain; a likely important contributor to human exposure is drinking water. Objective To undertake a systematic review of MP contamination of drinking water and estimate quantitative exposures. Methods The protocol for the systematic review employed has been published in PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2019, Registration number: CRD42019145290). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from launch to the 3rd of June 2020, selecting studies that used procedural blank samples and a validated method for particle composition analysis. Studies were reviewed within a narrative analysis. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used. Results 12 studies were included in the review: six of tap water (TW) and six of bottled water (BW). Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to high statistical heterogeneity (I 2 >95%). Seven studies were rated low RoB and all confirmed MP contamination of drinking water. The most common polymers identified in samples were polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), Methodological variability was observed throughout the experimental protocols. For example, the minimum size of particles extracted and analysed, which varied from 1 to 100 μm, was seen to be critical in the data reported. The maximum reported MP contamination was 628 MPs/L for TW and 4889 MPs/L for BW, detected in European samples. Based on typical consumption data, this may be extrapolated to a maximum yearly human adult uptake of 458,000 MPs for TW and 3,569,000 MPs for BW.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

2020

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“…Humans could accumulate MPs/NPs from different food sources [53,54] as well as drinking water [55,56]. Plastic water containers [57,58] and plastic teabags [59] are, perhaps unsurprisingly, common sources for human ingested MPs/NPs. MPs/NPs could also be taken up by inhalation [60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Yong

Valiyaveettil

Tang

2020

IJERPH

521

280

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Fragmented or otherwise miniaturized plastic materials in the form of micro- or nanoplastics have been of nagging environmental concern. Perturbation of organismal physiology and behavior by micro- and nanoplastics have been widely documented for marine invertebrates. Some of these effects are also manifested by larger marine vertebrates such as fishes. More recently, possible effects of micro- and nanoplastics on mammalian gut microbiota as well as host cellular and metabolic toxicity have been reported in mouse models. Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics occurs largely through ingestion, as these are found in food or derived from food packaging, but also in a less well-defined manner though inhalation. The pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic micro- and nanoplastics exposure in the mammalian system, particularly humans, are yet unclear. In this review, we focus on the recent findings related to the potential toxicity and detrimental effects of micro- and nanoplastics as demonstrated in mouse models as well as human cell lines. The prevailing data suggest that micro- and nanoplastics accumulation in mammalian and human tissues would likely have negative, yet unclear long-term consequences. There is a need for cellular and systemic toxicity due to micro- and nanoplastics to be better illuminated, and the underlying mechanisms defined by further work.

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“…The concentration of microlitter of >1 μm was roughly up to 6000 particles/L as mean, of which 78-96% of particle numbers were below 5 μm (Ossmann et al 2018;Pivokonsky et al 2018). One publication with measurements down to 0.5 μm, reported levels above 50 million particles/L, and found a median diameter of 2.44 μm (Zuccarello et al 2019). From these data, it becomes clear that also other potential sources for human exposure should be analyzed for microlitter down to the nanoscale.…”

Section: Microlitter In Seafood Seafood Exposure and Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Surveillance of Seafood for Microplastics

Kögel¹,

Refosco²,

Maage³

2020

Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment

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Surveillance of seafood for microplastic is in high demand, but there are challenges in the establishment of appropriate methods. Even though there are more than hundred scientific publications presenting numbers about the occurrence of plastics in seafood organisms, currently, these numbers are largely not comparable and afflicted with high uncertainty. They represent rather pioneering work, than surveillance. The research field is developing rapidly, continuously challenging and updating definitions and descriptions on the location, quality and quantity of microplastic. A major reason behind those challenges is of a new type, due to the particular nature of this pollutant, as opposed to other previously analyzed pollutants, which are soluble. When dealing with particle uptake into organisms, we claim that it is pivotal to take into account the size and shape of the particles. Most often, only plastic particles above several hundred μm and only from the gastrointestinal tract were included in field studies, typically leading to observations of on average 0-3 particles per fish. However, for both seafood organisms and human health, plastic particles in edible tissue are of higher concern, than those passing through the gastrointestinal system. According to exposure studies, the size of microlitter particles that are most likely to be transported into tissue and have accumulation potential, is lower than 50 μm. The few publications investigating the smaller size classes and tissues, do detect and report microlitter contamination, and therefore, warrant further investigation. Additionally, appropriate quality control needs to be included, and measurement uncertainties assessed.

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Exposure to microplastics (<10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study

Cited by 253 publications

References 36 publications

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Surveillance of Seafood for Microplastics

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Exposure to microplastics (<10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study

Cited by 253 publications

References 36 publications

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Surveillance of Seafood for Microplastics

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Product

Resources

About

Exposure to microplastics (<10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study