Exposure to indoor fungi in different working environments: A comparative study

Sharma, Dhruba; Dutta, B. K.; Singh, Alka

doi:10.1007/s10453-010-9168-9

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Generally it is necessary to perform replicate sampling using different culture media or to divide samples for inoculation on to multiple types of nutrient media. Several broad spectrum media have been evaluated for culturable airborne fungi such as malt extract agar, Rose Bengal agar and DG-18 agar [33,[67][68][69]. For the cultivation of bacteria, several broad spectrum media such as tryptic soy agar or nutrient agar are commonly used [27,56].…”

Section: Identification Of Airborne Bacteria and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Brandl¹

2011

TOEBMJ

170

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Bioaerosols such as bacterial and fungal cells and their spores are -along with non-biological particles -part of indoor airborne particulate matter and have been related since a long time to health issues of human beings as well as flora, and fauna. To identify the different risks and to establish exposure thresholds, microbiology of air samples from a series of indoor environments must be characterized, i.e. the different microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) must be identified and quantified. This review discusses the techniques of air sampling and sample analysis. In addition, a literature study has been performed regarding the levels of these microorganisms in various indoor occupational (e.g., schools, offices, hospitals, museums) and dwelling environments. These results will provide a significant scientific basis for indoor air quality control and help in elaborating risk prevention programs for workers and dwellers. This review shall contribute to the knowledge of identification and quantification of airborne microbial constituents in various indoor environments. Combining the indoor microbial load data with data from studies focusing on health effects caused by inhalation of specific airborne microorganisms will allow the evaluation of various risks to which inhabitants are exposed. Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment -A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational LocationsJyotshna Mandal and Helmut Brandl* Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, SwitzerlandAbstract: Bioaerosols such as bacterial and fungal cells and their spores are -along with non-biological particles -part of indoor airborne particulate matter and have been related since a long time to health issues of human beings as well as flora, and fauna. To identify the different risks and to establish exposure thresholds, microbiology of air samples from a series of indoor environments must be characterized, i.e. the different microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) must be identified and quantified. This review discusses the techniques of air sampling and sample analysis. In addition, a literature study has been performed regarding the levels of these microorganisms in various indoor occupational (e.g., schools, offices, hospitals, museums) and dwelling environments. These results will provide a significant scientific basis for indoor air quality control and help in elaborating risk prevention programs for workers and dwellers. This review shall contribute to the knowledge of identification and quantification of airborne microbial constituents in various indoor environments. Combining the indoor microbial load data with data from studies focusing on health effects caused by inhalation of specific airborne microorganisms will allow the evaluation of various risks to which inhabitants are exposed.

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Section: Identification Of Airborne Bacteria and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Brandl¹

2011

TOEBMJ

170

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“…Comparing the results of the present study with our previous reports, the Aspergilli section Flavi occurred in significantly higher mean absolute concentrations in the GM (405-2035 cfu/m 3 ) than both Aspergilli from the subclade Versicolores (6.5-44 cfu/ m 3 ) and Aspergilli section Nigri (20-240 cfu/m 3 ) (Jakšić Despot et al 2016;Jakšić et al 2018). Mean concentrations of viable Aspergilli section Flavi were also much higher than those reported in poultry farms, soybean and cotton mills, and the food industry (17-137.6 cfu/m 3 ) in India, Italy, and Egypt (Sharma et al 2010;Abdel Hameed et al 2012;Cafarchia et al 2014). Maximum values of statistically estimated concentrations of Aspergilli section Flavi obtained in July (1.9 × 10 5 cfu/m 3 ) and (1.3 × 10 6 cfu/m 3 ) were 10-100-fold higher than concentrations of airborne fungi (> 10 4 cfu/m 3 ) considered as a health hazard in non-sensitized subjects (Oppliger et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Aflatoxin production and in vitro toxicity of Aspergilli section Flavi isolated from air samples collected from different environments

et al. 2019

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Aspergilli section Flavi, originally isolated from air samples collected from inhabited apartments (AP), unoccupied basements (BS), and processing facilities of a grain mill (GM), were analyzed for their potential to produce aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) on solid media. The isolates were further characterized with regard to their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and pro-inflammatory properties in vitro. Aspergilli were identified based on partial calmodulin (CaM) gene sequencing; the producing capacities of isolates were analyzed by HPLC/FLD and confirmed by genes in biosynthesis (aflR, norA, omtA). In the grain mill, the Aspergilli section Flavi (up to 1.3 × 10 6 cfu/m 3) dominated by AFB 1-producing Aspergillus flavus (71%, 4.5-5254 ng/ml) which showed a serious health risk for workers. Living environments were not relevant sources of exposure. After 24 h, AFB 1 (1-100 μmol/l) reduced cell viability (MTT test) in both A549 cells and THP-1 macrophage-like cells without reaching IC 50. In A549 cells, the extract of the AFB 1producing A. flavus significantly decreased cell viability but not below 50%. THP-1 macrophage-like cells were more sensitive to both extracts, but IC 50 was obtained only for the AFB 1-producing strain (0.37 mg/ml; AFB 1 2.78 μmol/l). AFB 1 (1 and 10 μmol/ l) induced significant DNA damage (tail intensity, alkaline comet assay) in A549 cells in contrast to Aspergilli extracts. AFB 1 elevated IL-6 and IL-8, while Aspergilli extracts increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 release in THP-1 macrophages (ELISA). Chronic exposure to AFB 1 and/or other metabolites in airborne A. flavus from occupational environments may stimulate epithelial damage of airways accompanied by lowered macrophage viability.

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“…Human exposure to airborne microorganisms is inevitable due to their abundance in nature, and ability to grow in numerous habitats (Sharma et al, 2010). One of the major indicators of health risks in the indoor and outdoor environment is airborne fungi contamination (Samet and Spengler, 2003;Khan, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of fungi aerosols in residential houses in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

Eghomwanre¹,

Oguntoke²

2022

dujopas

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Lack of monitoring residential homes for fungi contamination, has reportedly resulted in various health outcomes in vulnerable occupants. This study assessed the level of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi contamination and reveal the identity of air borne fungi species in the study area. Forty-five households were randomly selected across the five local council areas in Benin city for airborne sampling. Airborne fungi were assessed bimonthly using the passive sampling technique. Discrete colonies of fungi were enumerated and mean values of triplicate concentrations were expressed in Colony forming unit / m3 (CFU/m3) Airborne fungi isolates were characterized and identified using standard procedures. The mean indoor and outdoor meteorological parameters ranged between 31.2 to 32.3°C and 31.1 to 32.5°C (Temperature); 71.6 to 74.1% and 63.0 to 74.1% (Relative humidity) respectively. The fungi concentrations varied from 301.0 to 747.1 CFU/m3 and 337.67 to 554.6 CFU/m3 (indoor); 223.8 to 450.4 CFU/m3 and 378.64 to 532.7 CFU/m3 (outdoor) in wet and dry seasons. The prevalent fungi genera isolated from the indoor and outdoor air across the sampling sites were Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus. The outdoor fungi concentrations showed a significant association (R = 0.360 and 0.260; R2 = 0.130 and 0.032; p< 0.01) with indoor fungi concentrations in both seasons. The study revealed high airborne fungi counts and fungi species of public health interest in the houses. Regular cleaning and maintenance practices to reduce the increasing effect of fungi spores is highly recommended.

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Exposure to indoor fungi in different working environments: A comparative study

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Bioaerosols in Indoor Environment - A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations

Aflatoxin production and in vitro toxicity of Aspergilli section Flavi isolated from air samples collected from different environments

Levels of fungi aerosols in residential houses in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

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