Exposure to Indoor Allergens in Different Residential Settings and Its Influence on IgE Sensitization in a Geographically Confined Austrian Cohort

Stemeseder, Teresa; Schweidler, Bettina; Doppler, P; Klinglmayr, Eva; Moser, Stephanie; Lueftenegger, Lisa; Himly, Martin; Lang, Roland; Zumbach, Joerg; Oostingh, Gertie Janneke; Hawranek, Thomas; Bathke, Arne C.; Gadermaier, Gabriele

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168686

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The major cat allergen Fel d 1 was detected in 99.9 and 99.7% of American homes, respectively, in two large US surveys ( 22 , 23 ). Similar findings were reported for the major dog allergen Can f 1 and detectable levels of the individual group 1 and 2 house dust mite (HDM) allergens were found in 60-85% of surveyed homes ( 23 , 24 ). Fungal spores are ever present and constitute the biggest proportion of aerobiological PM ( 25 ), even exceeding pollen grains ( 26 ).…”

Section: The Allergenic Entities—discrepancy Between Molecular Underssupporting

confidence: 82%

Mechanisms of Particles in Sensitization, Effector Function and Therapy of Allergic Disease

et al. 2020

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Humans have always been in contact with natural airborne particles from many sources including biologic particulate matter (PM) which can exhibit allergenic properties. With industrialization, anthropogenic and combustion-derived particles have become a major fraction. Currently, an ever-growing number of diverse and innovative materials containing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed with great expectations in technology and medicine. Nanomaterials have entered everyday products including cosmetics, textiles, electronics, sports equipment, as well as food, and food packaging. As part of natural evolution humans have adapted to the exposure to particulate matter, aiming to protect the individual's integrity and health. At the respiratory barrier, complications can arise, when allergic sensitization and pulmonary diseases occur in response to particle exposure. Particulate matter in the form of plant pollen, dust mites feces, animal dander, but also aerosols arising from industrial processes in occupational settings including diverse mixtures thereof can exert such effects. This review article gives an overview of the allergic immune response and addresses specifically the mechanisms of particulates in the context of allergic sensitization, effector function and therapy. In regard of the first theme (i), an overview on exposure to particulates and the functionalities of the relevant immune cells involved in allergic sensitization as well as their interactions in innate and adaptive responses are described. As relevant for human disease, we aim to outline (ii) the potential effector mechanisms that lead to the aggravation of an ongoing immune deviation (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.) by inhaled particulates, including NPs. Even though adverse effects can be exerted by (nano)particles, leading to allergic sensitization, and the exacerbation of allergic symptoms, promising potential has been shown for their use in (iii) therapeutic approaches of allergic disease, for example as adjuvants. Hence, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is introduced and the role of adjuvants such as alum as well as the current understanding of their mechanisms of action is reviewed. Finally, future prospects of nanomedicines in allergy treatment are described, which involve modern platform technologies combining immunomodulatory effects at several (immuno-)functional levels.

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Section: The Allergenic Entities—discrepancy Between Molecular Underssupporting

confidence: 82%

Mechanisms of Particles in Sensitization, Effector Function and Therapy of Allergic Disease

et al. 2020

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“…The microarray technology, which allows the simultaneous detection of IgE reactivity towards multiple allergens while using a minimum amount of serum (4), is considered a useful tool for epidemiological studies (5), and in particular for IgE profiling of patients affected by respiratory symptoms (6), atopic dermatitis (7,8), and food allergy (9,10), leading to a more accurate diagnosis of sensitization (11). It is widely known that allergic sensitization profiles strongly reflect the lifestyle and the environment of the studied population (12). In this regard, several studies have shown that different IgE sensitiza-vol 50, n 5, 217-225, 2018…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atlas of IgE sensitization patterns in different Italian areas. A multicenter, cross-sectional study

Scala

Villalta

Uasuf

et al. 2018

Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol

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The development of recombinant technology supported the allergy diagnostic work-up in the daily clinical practice, representing a useful tool for epidemiological studies. An atlas of the IgE sensitization profiles found throughout Italy was prepared from a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study. 6052 unselected consecutive individuals, belonging to North-West [NW], North-East [NE], Centre [C], South [S], and Islands subset [Is] were evaluated by means of the ImmunoCAP ISAC test. The top-ranked sensitizations found were Cup a 1 in [C] (58.1%) and [S] (53.6%), Phl p 1 in the North (from 46.1% to 49%), and Cyn d 1 in [Is] (44.2%). High frequency of house dust mite group 2 molecules sensitization was found in [C] (36.9%) and [S] Italy (40.8%), whilst low level of reactivity was recorded in [NW] (20%). Pellitory hypersensitivity was mainly found in [C], [S], and [Is], whilst ragweed Amb a 1 sensitivity was particularly found in [NW] Italy. IgE recognition of PR-10, Profilin, and nsLTP was mutually exclusive in 69.1% of cases, PR-10 reactivity mostly occurring in [NE], Profilin in [NW], and nsLTP molecules recognition mainly recorded in [C] and [S]. Divergent IgE sensitization patterns were found along Italy, possibly linked to the distinct geographical locations, indicating multiplex system IgE analysis as a reliable approach for epidemiological evaluation even in small geographical areas.

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“…It is generally accepted that molecular allergy diagnosis improves risk evaluation, sorts out genuine from cross-reactive sensitizations, and improves the overall predictive value of the diagnostic results as well as the accuracy of the resulting allergen immunotherapy. It is a tool to monitor allergen exposure [ 18 ], for instance, during life time [ 19 ], or dependent on residential settings [ 20 , 21 ], for IgE and IgG [ 22 ]. Due to its precise results it may be used to evaluate changes in exposure due to landscape design [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy diagnosis from symptoms to molecules, or from molecules to symptoms: a comparative clinical study

Mothes‐Luksch

Jordakieva

Hinterhölzl

et al. 2018

World Allergy Organization Journal

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BackgroundClassical allergy diagnostic workup “from symptoms to molecules” comprises 1) clinical investigation, 2) skin prick- and IgE- testing, and recently, 3) molecular allergy testing. We aimed to examine the diagnostic fidelity of the alternative approach “from molecules to symptoms”, which was recently suggested in the EAACI Molecular Allergology User’s Guide, in a retrospective clinical study.MethodsRecords from 202 patients with clinically suspected allergic sensitizations were extracted from files at two sites applying either the “ISAC-first” workup with IgE-testing by immuno-solid phase allergen chip ISAC112 followed by selected skin prick tests (SPT) or the “SPT-first” starting with SPT followed by the microarray test.ResultsIn the ISAC-first procedure significantly less SPTs were performed during allergy diagnosis (median 4 vs. 14). By SPT in 19% of patients in the ISAC-first group and in 34% in the SPT-first group additional respiratory allergens (p = 0.014) were detected not positive in ISAC microarray. By ISAC microarray test 18% additional sensitizations were found in the ISAC-first, and 32% in SPT-first cohort (p = 0.016). For food allergens 13 and 12% additional sensitizations were detected by the microarray not detected by SPT in the two groups (p = 0.800). No additional food allergen was found by SPT in the ISAC-first group, while in 6% of the cases in the SPT-first group detected sensitizations were negative in the microarray.DiscussionThe ISAC-first approach followed by (fewer) SPTs meets the demands for a patient’s tailored diagnostic work-up and therefore can be considered equivalent to the conventional way using the skin prick test as first screening tool, followed by IgE diagnosis.ConclusionsFor the diagnostic verification of clinically suspected allergy, the novel concept “from molecules to clinic” offers a reliable diagnostic workup in shorter time. Due to lower skin test numbers it is especially applicable for young children and seniors, in atopic patients, and whenever skin tests get difficult or unreliable.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40413-018-0199-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Exposure to Indoor Allergens in Different Residential Settings and Its Influence on IgE Sensitization in a Geographically Confined Austrian Cohort

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Mechanisms of Particles in Sensitization, Effector Function and Therapy of Allergic Disease

Mechanisms of Particles in Sensitization, Effector Function and Therapy of Allergic Disease

An atlas of IgE sensitization patterns in different Italian areas. A multicenter, cross-sectional study

Allergy diagnosis from symptoms to molecules, or from molecules to symptoms: a comparative clinical study

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