Exposure to house dust endotoxin and allergic sensitization in adults

Gehring, Ulrike; Bischof, W.; Schlenvoigt, G.; Richter, Kai; Fahlbusch, B; Wichmann, H‐Erich; Heinrich, Joachim

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00551.x

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Stronger effects for higher cut-offs for sensitisation are in agreement with previous findings [2,25]. Associations between living-room floor dust endotoxin and sensitisation as shown by GEHRING et al [2] were not found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Bacteria and mould components in house dust and children's allergic sensitisation

Gehring

Heinrich²,

Hoek³

et al. 2007

European Respiratory Journal

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It has been suggested that early childhood exposure to microbial agents decreases the risk of allergies in children. The current authors studied the association between microbial agents in house dust and allergic sensitisation in children aged 2-4 yrs.Nested case-control studies were performed within ongoing birth cohort studies in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden and ,180 sensitised and 180 nonsensitised children were selected per country. Levels of bacterial endotoxin, b(1,3)-glucans and fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were measured in dust samples from the children's mattresses and the living-room floors.Combined across countries, higher amounts of mattress dust and higher mattress dust loads of endotoxin, b(1,3)-glucans and EPS were associated with a significantly decreased risk of sensitisation to inhalant allergens. After mutual adjustment, only the protective effect of the amount of mattress dust remained significant (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.57(0.39-0.84)).Higher amounts of mattress dust may decrease the risk of allergic sensitisation to inhalant allergens. The effect might be partly attributable to endotoxin, b(1,3)-glucans and extracellular polysaccharides, but could also reflect (additional) protective effects of (microbial) agents other than the ones measured. It is not possible to distinguish with certainty which component relates to the effect, since their levels are highly correlated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Bacteria and mould components in house dust and children's allergic sensitisation

Gehring

Heinrich²,

Hoek³

et al. 2007

European Respiratory Journal

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“…The analysis of the correlations between the investigated factors showed a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation of the concentrations of all allergens determined in the settled dust (Der p1, Fel d1, Can f1 and Bla g1) expressed in ng or U per 1 m 2 of the floor with the concentrations of this dust. Besides, significant positive correlations were shown between the concentrations of Der p1, Fel d1 and Can f1 In comparison with other studies, we found that the mean concentration of endotoxins in Polish houses was similar to those obtained in Germany [24] and Croatia [25]. The mean levels of endotoxins found in the USA and in Germany were slightly higher than ours [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Analysis Of (1→3)-β-d-glucansmentioning

confidence: 33%

Children’s residential exposure to selected allergens and microbial indicators: endotoxins and (1→3)-β-D-glucans

Kozajda

Bródka

Sowiak

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The study was aimed at assessment of exposure to endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and mite, cockroach, cat, dog allergens present in settled dust in premises of children as agents which may be significantly correlated with the occurrence of allergic symptoms and diseases in children. Materials and Methods: The study covered 50 homes of one-or two-year-old children in Poland. Samples of settled dust were taken from the floor and the child's bed. The levels of (1→3)-β-D-glucans (floor), endotoxins (floor) and allergens of mite, cat, dog and cockroach (floor and bed) were analyzed. Results: Average geometric concentrations (geometric standard deviation) of endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans, Der p1, Fel d1, Can f1 and Bla g1 in children homes were on the floor 42 166.0 EU/g (3.2), 20 478.4 ng/g (2.38), 93.9 ng/g (6.58), 119.8 ng/g (13.0), 288.9 ng/g (3.4), 0.72 U/g (4.4) and in their beds (only allergens) 597.8 ng/g (14.2), 54.1 ng/g (4.4), 158.6 ng/g (3.1) 0.6 U/g (2.9), respectively. When the floor was covered with the carpet, higher concentrations of endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and allergens (each type) were found in the settled dust (p < 0.05). The trend was opposite in case of allergens (except dog) analyzed from bed dust and significantly higher concentrations were found in the rooms with smooth floor (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Among the analyzed factors only the type of floor significantly modified both the level of biological indicators and allergens. The results of this study could be the base for verifying a hypothesis that carpeting may have a protective role against high levels of cockroach, dog and cat allergens.

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“…Although it has been argued that especially microbial exposure in early childhood contributes to the reduction of allergic sensitisation [1,5], there are studies suggesting that exposure during adulthood continues to protect against atopy. GEHRING et al [12] found an association between elevated house-dust endotoxin levels and a decreased prevalence of allergic sensitisation in adults. In addition, two studies in farmers found inverse relationships between airborne endotoxin exposure and atopic asthma [13] and atopy [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Exposure-response analysis of allergy and respiratory symptoms in endotoxin-exposed adults

Smit¹,

Heederik²,

Doekes³

et al. 2008

European Respiratory Journal

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The objective of the present study was to investigate exposure-response relationships between current endotoxin exposure and allergic and respiratory symptoms in adults, taking into account farming exposures during childhood.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 877 Dutch farmers and agricultural industry workers in 2006. Based on 249 full-shift personal airborne endotoxin samples, a job-exposure matrix was constructed to assign endotoxin exposure levels to all participants. Associations between endotoxin exposure and questionnaire data on symptoms were studied by multiple logistic regression.Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for an interquartile range increase in endotoxin level were elevated for respiratory symptoms such as wheezing (OR 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.72)), wheezing with shortness of breath (1.50 (1.18-1.90)) and daily cough (1.29 (1.03-1.62)). In contrast, endotoxin was strongly associated with a decreased prevalence of hay fever (0.62 (0.49-0.78)). Workers who had grown up on a farm had a lower prevalence of hay fever, but no evidence was found of effect modification by farm childhood.In conclusion, occupational endotoxin exposure in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of asthma-like symptoms but a reduced prevalence of hay fever.

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Exposure to house dust endotoxin and allergic sensitization in adults

Abstract: Our results indicate that current exposure to higher levels of house dust endotoxin might be associated with a decreased odds of allergic sensitization in adults.

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Bacteria and mould components in house dust and children's allergic sensitisation

Bacteria and mould components in house dust and children's allergic sensitisation

Children’s residential exposure to selected allergens and microbial indicators: endotoxins and (1→3)-β-D-glucans

Exposure-response analysis of allergy and respiratory symptoms in endotoxin-exposed adults

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