Exposure to hazmat road accidents – Toxic release simulation and GIS-based assessment method

Bondžić, Jovana; Sremački, Maja; Popov, Srđan; Mihajlović, Ivana; Vujić, B.; Petrović, Maja

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112941

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are several other quantitative analysis studies that we referred to [21,[106][107][108][109]. However, the practice of using simulation software to analyze ammonia leakage scenarios, as mentioned above, still has some shortcomings.…”

Section: Salamonowicz Et Al [105]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of the Ammonia Bunkering Process in the Maritime Sector: A Review

Duong

Ryu

Song³

et al. 2023

Energies

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One of the main goals of the shipping industry is to decarbonize the fuels used in maritime transportation. Ammonia is thought to be a potential alternative for hydrogen storage in the future, allowing for CO2-free energy systems. Ammonia’s beneficial characteristics with regard to hydrogen storage include its high volumetric hydrogen density, low storage pressure, and long-term stability. However, ammonia is characterized by toxicity, flammability, and corrosiveness, making safety a challenge compared to other alternative fuels. In specific circumstances, leakage from ammonia bunkering can cause risks, dispersion, and unsafe areas due to its flammability and toxicity. Based on an analysis of 118 research papers and 50 regulations and guidelines, this review report evaluates various aspects of the hazards associated with the ammonia bunkering processes, considering both current and future implications. This report also includes the latest advancements and potential developments related to the safety of ammonia as a marine fuel. Several related regulations and standards for ammonia supply systems are discussed. This paper examines experiments and numerical investigations conducted using different methods of ammonia bunkering, such as terminal-to-ship, ship-to-ship, and truck-to-ship transfers. This review shows that the toxicity of ammonia is more relevant to the topics of vapor cloud dispersion and ammonia bunkering than its flammability. Finally, the main challenges and recommendations for the implementation of ammonia bunkering and further development of ammonia as a marine fuel are proposed. This review suggests new directions to overcome the disadvantages and research gaps associated with the leakage of ammonia during bunkering periods.

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Section: Salamonowicz Et Al [105]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of the Ammonia Bunkering Process in the Maritime Sector: A Review

Duong

Ryu

Song³

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Hazard modeling software can be used to do consequence analysis by predicting the toxic emissions from the industry [68]. Hazard modeling results can be used for chemical disaster preparedness and mitigation [69].…”

Section: Process Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Design of Methyl Chloride Production Processes: A Review

Yandrapu

Rao

2022

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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The worldwide demand for methyl chloride is continuously increasing because of its industrial applications and the rapid development of the electronics and automotive sectors. Various chemical intermediates and end products from methyl chloride are demanding the increased production of this chemical product. Chlorination of methane and the hydrochlorination of methanol are the industrially existing processes. The stringent environmental regulations and the competition in the market demand the search for alternative processes or process modifications to improve the efficiency of the existing process plants. To meet these requirements continuous research is going on to improve the process efficiencies in terms of yield and environmental concerns. In this research, industrially existing processes and the recent production trends information is provided systematically. To fill the gap between the chemists and the process engineers conceptual design information is provided for both the industrially existing processes and the recent production trends. For simplicity, production processes are divided into catalytic and non-catalytic processes. A total of 11 conceptual process designs are identified from the systematic review and for all the processes conceptual designs are provided. Detailed discussions on recent developments on methyl chloride production processes, advantages, and the process challenges of various technologies are also presented.

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“…The proximity of roadways and railways to vulnerable facilities such as gas stations, hospitals, large buildings, and schools can multiply the potential consequences of accidents involving hazmat [41]. Hazmat spills can contaminate water sources [42] and harm wildlife [43].…”

Section: Transporting Dangerous Goodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Risks by Transporting Dangerous Cargo in Drones

Bridgelall

2022

Sustainability

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The transportation of dangerous goods by truck or railway multiplies the risk of harm to people and the environment when accidents occur. Many manufacturers are developing autonomous drones that can fly heavy cargo and safely integrate into the national air space. Those developments present an opportunity to not only diminish risk but also to decrease cost and ground traffic congestion by moving certain types of dangerous cargo by air. This work identified a minimal set of metropolitan areas where initial cargo drone deployments would be the most impactful in demonstrating the safety, efficiency, and environmental benefits of this technology. The contribution is a new hybrid data mining workflow that combines unsupervised machine learning (UML) and geospatial information system (GIS) techniques to inform managerial or investment decision making. The data mining and UML techniques transformed comprehensive origin–destination records of more than 40 commodity category movements to identify a minimal set of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) with the greatest demand for transporting dangerous goods. The GIS part of the workflow determined the geodesic distances between and within all pairwise combinations of MSAs in the continental United States. The case study of applying the workflow to a commodity category of dangerous goods revealed that cargo drone deployments in only nine MSAs in four U.S. states can transport 38% of those commodities within 400 miles. The analysis concludes that future cargo drone technology has the potential to replace the equivalent of 4.7 million North American semitrailer trucks that currently move dangerous cargo through populated communities.

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Exposure to hazmat road accidents – Toxic release simulation and GIS-based assessment method

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Safety Assessment of the Ammonia Bunkering Process in the Maritime Sector: A Review

Safety Assessment of the Ammonia Bunkering Process in the Maritime Sector: A Review

Conceptual Design of Methyl Chloride Production Processes: A Review

Reducing Risks by Transporting Dangerous Cargo in Drones

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