Exposure to Formaldehyde Perturbs the Mouse Gut Microbiome

Guo, Junhui; Zhao, Yun; Jiang, Xingpeng; Li, Rui; Xie, Hao; Ge, Leixin; Xie, Bo; Yang, Xu; Zhang, Luoping

doi:10.3390/genes9040192

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Adverse impacts on the gut microbiota (GM) were also detected in animals exposed to aspartame [29,61,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] and two of its metabolites: formaldehyde [67] and phenylalanine [66]. Among other changes, aspartame-fed rats exhibited a doubling of serum propionate [65].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study

Fowler,

Gimeno Ruiz de Porras,

Swartz

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Since its introduction, aspartame—the leading sweetener in U.S. diet sodas (DS)—has been reported to cause neurological problems in some users. In prospective studies, the offspring of mothers who consumed diet sodas/beverages (DSB) daily during pregnancy experienced increased health problems. We hypothesized that gestational/early-life exposure to ≥1 DS/day (DSearly) or equivalent aspartame (ASPearly: ≥177 mg/day) increases autism risk. The case-control Autism Tooth Fairy Study obtained retrospective dietary recalls for DSB and aspartame consumption during pregnancy/breastfeeding from the mothers of 235 offspring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD: cases) and 121 neurotypically developing offspring (controls). The exposure odds ratios (ORs) for DSearly and ASPearly were computed for autism, ASD, and the non-regressive conditions of each. Among males, the DSearly odds were tripled for autism (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.02, 9.7) and non-regressive autism (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.1); the ASPearly odds were even higher: OR = 3.4 (95% CI: 1.1, 10.4) and 3.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 11.8), respectively (p < 0.05 for each). The ORs for non-regressive ASD in males were almost tripled but were not statistically significant: DSearly OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 0.9, 8.4); ASPearly OR = 2.9 (95% CI: 0.9, 8.8). No statistically significant associations were found in females. Our findings contribute to the growing literature raising concerns about potential offspring harm from maternal DSB/aspartame intake in pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study

Fowler,

Gimeno Ruiz de Porras,

Swartz

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…It induces and accelerates glycolytic flux and influences the export of the antioxidant glutathione out of astrocytes and neurons, thereby increasing their intracellular oxidative stress. However, there is little direct scientific evidence linking formaldehyde production with mental illness syndromes, and this provides another opportunity for further research [157,158].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms Provide a Landscape for Biomarker Selection for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis

Fryar-Williams,

Strobel,

Clements

2023

IJMS

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Research evaluating the role of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) gene in schizophrenia has not yet provided an extended understanding of the proximal pathways contributing to the 5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme’s activity and the distal pathways being affected by its activity. This review investigates these pathways, describing mechanisms relevant to riboflavin availability, trace mineral interactions, and the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) product of the MTHFR enzyme. These factors remotely influence vitamin cofactor activation, histamine metabolism, catecholamine metabolism, serotonin metabolism, the oxidative stress response, DNA methylation, and nicotinamide synthesis. These biochemical components form a broad interactive landscape from which candidate markers can be drawn for research inquiry into schizophrenia and other forms of mental illness. Candidate markers drawn from this functional biochemical background have been found to have biomarker status with greater than 90% specificity and sensitivity for achieving diagnostic certainty in schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. This has implications for achieving targeted treatments for serious mental illness.

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“…Significantly reducing the diversity of gill microbiota may lead to a reduction in competition or ability to fight pathogens [ 58 ]. Acetobacterium, Succinispira, Lachnoclostridium , Eubacterium , and Desulfovibrio bacteria have the function of maintaining the immune barrier [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. The significant reduction of related genera in the gill of MC-LR-exposed tadpoles may mean that MC-LR exposure further interferes with gill mucosal immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gill Junction Injury and Microbial Disorders Induced by Microcystin-Leucine Arginine in Lithobates catesbeianus Tadpoles

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is widely present in waters around the world, but its potential toxic effects and mechanisms on amphibian gills remain unknown. In the present study, tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of 0.5, 2 μg/L MC-LR, and 0 μg/L MC-LR (Control) for 30 days with the objective to unveil the impairment of gill health. The lysozyme was downregulated, while pattern recognition receptors and complement and adaptive immune processes were upregulated and the ability of gill supernatant to inhibit pathogenic bacteria decreased in the 0.5 and 2 μg/L MC-LR groups. The transcriptions of epithelial barrier components (e.g., CLDN1) were significantly decreased in MC-LR-exposed gills, while the gill content of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins and the transcriptions of downstream responsive genes (e.g., TLR4 and NF-κB) were concurrently increased. In addition, the number of eosinophils and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and TNF-α) were increased. These results imply that exposure of tadpoles to low environmentally concentrations of MC-LR leads to inflammation, increased permeability, and a reduced ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The epithelial cells of inner gill filaments increased and transcriptions of hypoxic stress genes (e.g., HIF-1α, FLT1, and SERPINE1) were upregulated within the exposed group. As a consequence, exposure to MC-LR may lead to hypoxic stress. MC-LR exposure also drove gill microbiota to a dysbiosis. The relative abundance of Elizabethkingia was positively correlated with content of LPS and transcriptions of NF-κB and TNF-α. Overall, this study presents the first evidence about the pronounced impacts of MC-LR exposure on gills of amphibians, highlighting the susceptibility of early developing tadpoles to the environmental risks of MC-LR.

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Exposure to Formaldehyde Perturbs the Mouse Gut Microbiome

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study

Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study

Molecular Mechanisms Provide a Landscape for Biomarker Selection for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis

Gill Junction Injury and Microbial Disorders Induced by Microcystin-Leucine Arginine in Lithobates catesbeianus Tadpoles

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