Exposure to e-cigarette aerosol over two months induces accumulation of neurotoxic metals and alteration of essential metals in mouse brain

Ré, Diane B.; Hilpert, Markus; Saglimbeni, Brianna; Strait, Madeleine; Ilievski, Vesna; Coady, Maxine; Talayero, Maria; Wilmsen, Kai; Chesnais, Helene; Balac, Olgica; Glabonjat, Ronald A.; Slavkovich, Vesna; Yan, Beizhan; Navas‐Acien, Ana; Kleiman, Norman J.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111557

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Humans are typically exposed to metals through a variety of pathways, including ingestion or inhalation of contaminated soil, dust, bioaccumulation in food, water, pesticides, and other sources [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Recent studies have shown that some of the metals found in electronic cigarettes accumulate in the central nervous system of mice after exposure, appear in various biomarkers of e-cigarette users, and have been shown to cause cellular damage [ 1 , 8 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Metals to the Aerosol Generated by an Electronic Cigarette: Influence of Number of Puffs and Power

Rastian

Wilbur

Curtis

2022

IJERPH

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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasing in popularity despite uncertainties about their health hazards. Literature studies have shown that e-cigarettes may be a source of toxic heavy metal exposure to the user, but the mechanism by which metals are transferred from the e-cigarette parts into the aerosol plume that is inhaled by the user is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to quantify the potentially harmful heavy metals chromium, nickel, copper, and lead systematically during the simulated use of a mod-type e-cigarette in order to better understand the mechanism of metal transfer from the e-cigarette parts into the aerosol plume and into the liquid in the storage tank. Aerosol was collected and aliquots of the remaining liquid in the storage tank were collected from 0 to 40 puffs in 10 puff increments and analyzed with atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the concentration of metals increased in both the aerosol and tank liquid the more times the e-cigarette was puffed, but at varying rates for each element and depending on the power applied to the heating coil. For copper, lead, and nickel, the concentrations of metals in the aerosol and tank increased with increasing power but for chromium, the concentration varied with power. Additionally, it was observed that chromium and nickel concentrations were greater in the aerosol than in tank liquid, consistent with the direct transfer of those metals to the aerosol from heating of the nichrome coil element used in this study. For copper and lead, the concentrations were similar or greater in the tank compared to the aerosol, consistent with transfer first into the storage tank liquid, followed by vaporization into the aerosol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Metals to the Aerosol Generated by an Electronic Cigarette: Influence of Number of Puffs and Power

Rastian

Wilbur

Curtis

2022

IJERPH

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“…Hence, the ultrafine size range is more dangerous to the lungs than larger ones due to their ready access to the alveolar region and rapid absorption systemically [ 151 ]. Heavy metal exposure in ECs is linked to significant health threats, such as neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects [ 152 ]. Chronic inhalation of lead nanoparticles is linked with respiratory and central nervous system pathological changes [ 153 ].…”

Section: Vaping and Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk

Shehata,

Toraih,

Ismail

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There is growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase the risk of LC because EVPs contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, the relationship between EVPs and LC is not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavorings (aldehydes and complex organics). Several environmental toxicants have been proven to contribute to LC. Proven and plausible environmental carcinogens could be physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), chemicals (such as asbestos, formaldehyde, and dioxins), and heavy metals (such as cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel). Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicles and industrial exhausts, is linked with LC. Although extensive environmental exposure prevention policies and smoking reduction strategies have been adopted globally, the dangers remain. Combined, both EVPs and toxic environmental exposures may demonstrate significant synergistic oncogenicity. This review aims to analyze the current publications on the importance of the relationship between EVPs consumption and environmental toxicants in the pathogenesis of LC.

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“…The longer-term effects of e-cigarettes exposure are still inconclusive, but the existing literature reports revealed their inflammatory, irritant, and cytotoxic potential [ 18 ]. The major route of metal exposure is through direct or secondary inhalation of e-liquids, which is associated with serious health threats, such as carcinogenic and neurotoxic risks [ 19 ]. The risks are augmented by the size of the particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of the inhaled particles is important for the depth of airway penetration, and the toxic potential can be enhanced by the high penetration of small-sized particles in tissues and organs [ 21 , 22 ]. Re et al found a connection between chronic e-cigarette aerosol exposure and endogen metal dyshomeostasis, which has been linked to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s [ 19 ]. The risk of neurotoxicity is significantly higher for young people’s developing brains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of neurotoxicity is significantly higher for young people’s developing brains. They proved that neurotoxic levels of metals accumulated in the striatum, the frontal cortex, and the ventral midbrain of rodents after exposure to e-cigarette aerosols, increasing the risks of developing neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases [ 19 ]. Metal accumulation in the nervous system in the case of e-cigarette use is enhanced by the alteration of the blood–brain barrier integrity [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of the Storage Conditions and Type of Clearomizers on the Increase of Heavy Metal Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids Retailed in Romania

Jităreanu

Cara

Sava

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The growing popularity of electronic cigarettes has raised several public health concerns, including the risks associated with heavy metals exposure via e-liquids and vapors. The purpose of this study was to determine, using atomic absorption spectrometry, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Zn, and Co in some commercially available e-liquid samples from Romania immediately after purchase and after storage in clearomizers. Lead and zinc were found in all investigated samples before storage. The initial concentrations of Pb ranged from 0.13 to 0.26 mg L−1, while Zn concentrations were between 0.04 and 0.07 mg L−1. Traces of nickel appeared in all investigated e-liquids before storage but in very small amounts (0.01–0.02 mg L−1). Co was below the detection limits. We investigated the influence of the storage period (1, 3, and 5 days), storage temperature (22 °C and 40 °C), and type of clearomizer. In most cases, the temperature rise and storage period increase were associated with higher concentrations of heavy metals. This confirms that storage conditions can affect metal transfer and suggests that the temperature of storage is another parameter that can influence this phenomenon.

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Exposure to e-cigarette aerosol over two months induces accumulation of neurotoxic metals and alteration of essential metals in mouse brain

Cited by 12 publications

References 126 publications

Transfer of Metals to the Aerosol Generated by an Electronic Cigarette: Influence of Number of Puffs and Power

Transfer of Metals to the Aerosol Generated by an Electronic Cigarette: Influence of Number of Puffs and Power

Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk

The Impact of the Storage Conditions and Type of Clearomizers on the Increase of Heavy Metal Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids Retailed in Romania

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