Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant May Impact Marine Microbial Biofilm Composition and Steel Corrosion

Salerno, Jennifer L.; Little, Brenda J.; Lee, Jason; Hamdan, Leila J.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00196

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Archaeal sequence count in biofilm samples from 4 of 5 sites were very low (<22 total; Table 1) and thus, excluded from further analysis. The same was observed for archaea in biofilms on CSDs in Salerno et al (2018).…”

Section: S Rrna Gene Amplification and Sequencingsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…While Zetaproteobacteria abundance was elevated in biofilms relative to sediment and water, no functional iron-bacteria interactions were observed. In a previous work using CSDs in a microcosm study, Salerno et al (2018) observed greater metal loss after exposure to oil, likely attributed to MIC resulting from sulfur metabolism and the production of corrosive metabolites. While this study does not provide evidence of enhanced sulfur metabolism at impacted sites, greater metal loss on CSDs at U-166 was observed relative to other locations.…”

Section: Spill Impacts On Shipwreck Preservationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Extracted genomic DNA was submitted to the Integrated Microbiome Resource (IMR) facility at Dalhousie University for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq according to Comeau et al (2011) and Salerno et al (2018). The V6-V8 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were selectively targeted for amplification using primer sets B969F/BA1406 and A956F/A1401R for bacteria and archaea, respectively.…”

Section: S Rrna Gene Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pipeline generated with UPARSE (Edgar, 2013) and Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) (Caporaso et al, 2010) described in Salerno et al (2018) was used to analyze bacterial and archaeal amplicon sequences. Paired-end sequences were merged, quality filtered, dereplicated and unique sequences served as operational taxonomic units (OTUs).…”

Section: S Rrna Gene Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As anaerobic niches in biofilms emerge, oil-degrading bacteria may consume oil and generate metabolites which could potentially accelerate MIC (Little et al, 2008;Pi et al, 2017). Recently, Salerno et al (2018) assessed the potential impacts of oil on biofilm composition and MIC in laboratory experiments. The study revealed that prolonged oil exposure resulted in a shift in microbial community composition toward oil-degrading taxa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep-Sea Biofilms, Historic Shipwreck Preservation and the Deepwater Horizon Spill

et al. 2019

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Exposure to oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill may have lasting impacts on preservation of historic shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. Submerged steel structures, including shipwrecks, serve as artificial reefs and become hotspots of biodiversity in the deep sea. Marine biofilms on submerged structures support settlement of microand macro-biota and may enhance and protect against corrosion. Disruptions in the local environment, including oil spills, may impact the role that biofilms play in reef preservation. To determine how the Deepwater Horizon spill potentially impacted shipwreck biofilms and the functional roles of the biofilm microbiome, experiments containing carbon steels disks (CSDs) were placed at five historic shipwreck sites located within, and external to the benthic footprint of the Deepwater Horizon spill. The CSDs were incubated for 16 weeks to enable colonization by biofilm-forming microorganisms and to provide time for in situ corrosion to occur. Biofilms from the CSDs, as well as sediment and water microbiomes, were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing to describe community composition and determine the source of taxa colonizing biofilms. Biofilm metagenomes were sequenced to compare differential gene abundances at spill-impacted and reference sites. Biofilms were dominated by Zeta-, Alpha-, Epsilon-, and Gamma-proteobacteria. Sequences affiliated with the Mariprofundus and Sulfurimonas genera were prolific, and Roseobacter, and Colwellia genera were also abundant. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences from sediment, water, and biofilms revealed sediment to be the main known source of taxa to biofilms at impacted sites. Differential gene abundance analysis revealed the two-component response regulator CreC, a gene involved in environmental stress response, to be elevated at reference sites compared to impacted sites within the spill plume fallout area on the seafloor. Genes for chemotaxis, motility, and alcohol dehydrogenases were differentially abundant at reference vs. impacted sites. Metal loss on CSDs was elevated at sites within the spill fallout plume. Time series images reveal that metal loss at a heavily impacted site, the German Submarine U-166, has accelerated since the spill in 2010. This study provides evidence that spill residues on the seafloor may impact biofilm communities and the preservation of historic steel shipwrecks.

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Section: S Rrna Gene Amplification and Sequencingsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Spill Impacts On Shipwreck Preservationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: S Rrna Gene Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Rrna Gene Amplification and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep-Sea Biofilms, Historic Shipwreck Preservation and the Deepwater Horizon Spill

et al. 2019

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Deep‐sea wooden shipwrecks influence sediment microbiome diversity

Hampel

Moseley

Mugge

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Historic shipwrecks function as habitats for benthic organisms by providing food, refuge, and structure. They also form islands of biodiversity on the seabed, shaping microbial ecology and ecosystem processes. This study examined two wooden deep-sea shipwrecks at 525 and 1800 m water depth and probed their influence on sediment microbiomes and geochemistry. Microbiomes were investigated with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing along 60 m transects extending in four directions from the hulls of the shipwrecks. Distance from shipwrecks and sediment depth both shaped microbiome structure. Archaeal alpha diversity was significantly and positively correlated with proximity to the deeper shipwreck while bacterial diversity was not to either. Archaeal community structure differed at both sites; the deeper site had a higher proportion of Bathyarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia proximate to shipwreck compared to the shallow location. Major bacterial communities were consistent at both sites, however, at the deeper site had higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Desulfofarculales, and Desulfobacteriales. Core microbiome and differential abundance analyses revealed unique taxa nearest the shipwrecks compared to the surrounding seabed including organoheterotrophs, and cellulolytic and sulfur cycling taxa. Sediment carbon content influenced microbiome structure near the shipwrecks (5-10 m). We show that shipwrecks have a distinct sediment microbiome and form unique habitat patches on seabed, resembling those surrounding organic falls. The shipwreck influence was more pronounced at the deeper site, further from terrestrial influences signaling shipwrecks may be a significant source of organic matter in far-shore oligotrophic settings.

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Corrosion Processes of Steel-Hulled Potentially Polluting Wrecks

Glover

2024

Threats to Our Ocean Heritage: Potentially Polluting Wrecks

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Submerged metals are continuously affected by the chemical processes of corrosion, the destructive degradation of metal by chemical or electrochemical reactions within the marine environment (Valenca et al., 2022:2–3; Venugopal, 1994:35). Over time, metal ions at anodic sites defuse into electrolytic solutions from the oxidising reactions occurring at cathodic sites, causing the creation of corrosion byproducts, like rust on iron, and the loss of structural mass. The different reduction reactions in the microstructures of alloys and the imperfections found within refined materials, like carbon slag in steel, are targeted by this process, essentially reverting the chemically unstable materials back to their more stable original forms (Moore III, 2015:192; MacLeod 2016:90–92). The deterioration of metallic shipwreck hulls has become a growing concern within the field of marine conservation as many of the fuel tankers deliberately targeted in WWII threaten to release trapped fuel and chemical cargoes after nearly eight decades of exposure to a range of corrosive environments (Barrett, 2011:4–5). With the deterioration rate of ship hulls averaging at around ±0.1–0.4 mm of loss per year and the thickness of ship deck plates from the 1940s to the 1960s ranging generally from 1–4 cm in thickness, the window to act on the majority of potentially polluting shipwrecks (PPW) before a catastrophic breach occurs is closing (MacLeod, 2016a:8; Beldowski, 2018:249; Masetti, 2012:33; Masetti & Calder, 2014:139).

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Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant May Impact Marine Microbial Biofilm Composition and Steel Corrosion

Cited by 25 publications

References 68 publications

Deep-Sea Biofilms, Historic Shipwreck Preservation and the Deepwater Horizon Spill

Deep-Sea Biofilms, Historic Shipwreck Preservation and the Deepwater Horizon Spill

Deep‐sea wooden shipwrecks influence sediment microbiome diversity

Corrosion Processes of Steel-Hulled Potentially Polluting Wrecks

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