Exposure to community violence and depressive symptoms: Examining community, family, and peer effects among public housing youth

Foell, Andrew; Pitzer, Kyle; Nebbitt, Von E.; Lombe, Margaret; Yu, Mihae; Villodas, Melissa; Newransky, Chrisann

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102579

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Large proportions of children in the United States are exposed to violence in their homes, schools, and communities, with urban residing Black children at highest risk for exposure (Gollub et al, 2019). There is evidence that exposure to family, peer, and community-level violence exposures, both through witnessing and direct experience, has negative consequences for youth mental health (Foell et al, 2021). By examining exposures separately in both middle school and high school, we can clarify when, and at what level, to target interventions to best support youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal patterns of adversity from childhood to adolescence: Examining associations with mental health through emerging adulthood using a random-intercept latent transition analysis.

Raghunathan,

Johnson,

Voegtline

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychology

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Childhood adversity can have detrimental impacts on life course mental and physical health. Timing, nature, severity, and chronicity of adversity are thought to explain much of the variability in health and developmental outcomes among exposed individuals. The current study seeks to characterize heterogeneity in adverse experiences over time at the individual, family, and neighborhood domains in a cohort of predominantly Black children (85% Black and 15% White, 46.2% girls, 67.2% free/reduced lunch in first grade), and to examine associations with mental health from sixth grade to age 26. Participants were part of a randomized universal preventive interventions trial in first grade with prospective follow-up through early adulthood. Separate models characterized heterogeneity in adversity in elementary, middle, and high schools. Changes in adversity over time and relationships with mental health (anxiety, depression, suicidal behaviors) were investigated using a random-intercept latent transition analysis (RI-LTA). We identified three-class solutions in early childhood, middle school, and high school. Generally, both a higher and a lower poly-adversity class were observed at each time point, with varying nature of adversity characterized by the third class. RI-LTA indicated prevalent within-individual changes in adverse exposure over time and differential associations with mental health and suicidal behaviors. Results suggest that treating adverse exposures as a static construct may limit the ability to characterize salient variation over time. Identifying complexity in adverse experiences and their relation to health and well-being is key for developing and implementing effective prevention and early intervention efforts to mitigate negative effects through the life course. Public Significance StatementChildren are exposed to changing forms of adversity across development with differential impacts on mental health. Focusing on repeated, adaptive, coordinated, and multilevel preventive mental health efforts will be crucial to support the well-being of children and adolescents throughout the life course.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal patterns of adversity from childhood to adolescence: Examining associations with mental health through emerging adulthood using a random-intercept latent transition analysis.

Raghunathan,

Johnson,

Voegtline

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychology

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“…As a predominant public health crisis, the risk factors for an overdose intersect with both mental health history and community violence. Exposure to community violence impacts a survivor’s mental health and social relationships (Foell et al, 2021; Smith et al, 2019; Tung et al, 2019). As well, there is a direct relationship between community violence, substance use, and psychological distress (Hotton et al, 2019; Löfving-Gupta et al, 2018), potentially creating a cycle of victimization, trauma, and coping through illicit drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Violent Penetrating Injuries and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes

Nistler

James

Dugan

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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Violent injury is known to be a chronic, recurrent issue, with high rates of recidivism following initial injury. While the burden of violence is disproportionately felt among young Black men and in communities of color, examination of distinct risk factors and long-term outcomes for other racial and ethnic groups could lead to improved violence intervention strategies. In this study, we examined the risk of violent penetrating injury and long-term adverse outcomes by race and ethnicity. This retrospective study was performed using a cohort of patients presenting to the Boston Medical Center emergency department for a violent penetrating injury between 2006 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the risk of all-cause mortality and violent re-injury at one and 3 years after surviving a penetrating injury. Of the 4191 victims of violent injury, 12% were White, 18% were Hispanic, and the remaining 70% self-identified as Black. Within 3 years after initial injury, Black patients were at the greatest risk of all-cause violent re-injury (vs. Hispanic: HR = 1.46, 95%CI[1.15,1.85], p = 0.002; vs. White: HR = 1.89, 95%CI[1.40,2.57], p < 0.0001), particularly by gunshot wound (vs. Hispanic: HR = 2.04, 95%CI[1.29,3.22] p = 0.002; vs. White: HR = 2.34, 95%CI[1.19,4.60], p = 0.01). At 3-years following initial injury, White patients were at 2.03 times the risk for all-cause mortality, likely due to a 4.96 times greater risk of death by drug or alcohol overdose for White patients compared to Black patients (HR = 4.96, 95%CI[2.25,10.96], p < 0.0001). In conclusion, Black survivors of violent injury have a significantly higher risk of violent re-injury, particularly by gun violence, while White patients are at the highest risk for mortality due to the incidence of drug and alcohol overdose. Violence intervention programs with similar patient populations should explore options to collaborate with drug treatment programs to reach this vulnerable population.

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“…Using a scale that has not been validated for specific countries or cultural groups may inaccurately reflect the experiences of Flourishing of such a population. The current study focuses on the Honduran population, who suffers from high levels of poverty, political instability, and violence (Gindling and Terrell, 2010;Landa-Blanco et al, 2020), that may have a negative impact on their mental health (Knifton and Inglis, 2020;Foell et al, 2021). As such, this population may be in need of interventions aimed at promoting their well-being (including Flourishing) and, in turn, appropriate measures to assess the need for intervention and the effectiveness of such interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Flourishing Scale in the Honduran population

et al. 2023

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Studying Flourishing is important to understand wellbeing. The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Flourishing Scale (FS) in the Honduran population. The primary sample consisted of 422 residents of the Central District of Honduras; this included 275 (65.17%) women and 147 men (34.83%). Their average age was 28.18 years (SD = 10.58). Findings from the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis support a unidimensional factor structure. The FS achieved a high internal consistency with McDonald’s ω = 0.89, 95% CI [0.86, 0.91]. The average inter-item correlation was 0.48, 95% CI [0.43, 0.53]. Using Student’s t-test for paired samples, results indicate that none of the FS items varied significantly between baseline and post-test. Additionally, Spearman’s rho was used to correlate test–retest scores; this yielded a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.66. The Flourishing Scale had adequate convergent validity with the Subjective Happiness Scale (r = 0.70) and the PANAS-Positive Affect Subscale (r = 0.70) (p < 0.001). In contrast, it correlates inversely with the PANAS-Negative Affect Subscale (r = −0.34) and the PHQ-9 (r = −0.51). Strict measurement invariance for sex was supported. The results indicate that the Flourishing Scale has robust psychometric properties for the Honduran population. Practical implications for public policy are discussed.

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Exposure to community violence and depressive symptoms: Examining community, family, and peer effects among public housing youth

Cited by 25 publications

References 91 publications

Longitudinal patterns of adversity from childhood to adolescence: Examining associations with mental health through emerging adulthood using a random-intercept latent transition analysis.

Longitudinal patterns of adversity from childhood to adolescence: Examining associations with mental health through emerging adulthood using a random-intercept latent transition analysis.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Violent Penetrating Injuries and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Flourishing Scale in the Honduran population

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