“…4 results show that the average concentration of benzene was measured in restaurants and photocopy centers, and the values of toluene were measured as the highest BTEX compounds for laundry centers and hair salons. In the Rostami et al study, the concentration of BTEX print and copy centers is consistent with this study [ 37 ]. Fig.…”
“…4 results show that the average concentration of benzene was measured in restaurants and photocopy centers, and the values of toluene were measured as the highest BTEX compounds for laundry centers and hair salons. In the Rostami et al study, the concentration of BTEX print and copy centers is consistent with this study [ 37 ]. Fig.…”
“…Real-time and lifetime Risk Quotient (RQ), which has a value of more than one (RQ> 1) which means unsafe conditions that allow the risk of non-carcinogenic health effects for workers in the printing industry X Surabaya City. This is in line with research by 21 conducted at the printing and photocopying center of the city of Ardabil, Iran, that the hazard quotient (HQ) of benzene in indoor air with an inkjet printer is > 1, which indicates that the risk of non-hazardous The carcinogenicity associated with benzene exposure is enormous. Non-carcinogenic risks are health disorders that attack the human body but do not cause cancer.…”
Benzene is a compound chemically volatile and lasts a long time in the air and quickly inhaled into the human body. The use of benzene is widely used in various industries, one of which is the printing industry. Benzene produced right in the printing industry are ink, cleaning fluid, and when the machine in operation. Workers exposed to benzene can risk cancer and non-cancer health effects that are harmful to the human body. This study aimed to assess cancer and non-cancer risk of workers in the printing industry X Surabaya City. This research is observational, cross-sectional with the same sample with a total population of 11 workers in the printing industry X Surabaya City. The risk assessment method uses four stages: hazard identification, exposure analysis, dose and response analysis, and risk characterization. This research shows that the average concentration of benzene is 1.0729 mg/m 3 or 0.34 ppm. RQ value > 1 both real-time and lifetime. As many as 63.6% of workers have real-time ECR >10 -4, and 81.8% of workers have ECR lifetime >10 -4 . This study concludes that workers are in an unsafe condition and have non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks.
“…Whereas pentane, heptane, nonane, 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzene, toluene, m-para-xylene and o-xylene contribute to the top 10 VOC components, accounting for more than 88% of the industry’s HI value. Therefore, from the perspective of human health, it is necessary to adopt control strategies for VOC components in workshops of plastic products, packaging printing and ink enterprises, such as strengthening personal protection, improving ventilation systems, increasing indoor air exchange rates [ 39 , 40 ], and reducing the impact of VOC components in workshops on human health.…”
China is prone to severe surface ozone pollution in summer, so it is very important to understand the source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control ozone formation. In this work, the emission characteristics of 91 VOC components from the plastic products industry, packaging and printing industries, printing ink industry, furniture manufacturing and vehicle manufacturing industries were studied. The results show that there are significant differences between these sources, and for the plastic products industry, alkanes (48%) are the most abundant VOCs. The main emission species in the packaging and printing industry are OVOCs (36%) and alkanes (34%). The proportion of OVOCs in the printing ink (73%) and furniture manufacturing industries (49%) is dominated by VOC emissions; aromatic hydrocarbons (33%), alkanes (33%), and OVOCs (17%) are the main emission species in the vehicle manufacturing industry. At the same time, the ozone generation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOA) of anthropogenic VOC emissions were evaluated, and the top 10 contributors to OFP and SOA were identified. Toluene, o-xylene, and m-xylene had a significant tendency to form OFP or SOA. Then, a health risk assessment of VOC components was carried out. These data can supplement the existing VOC emission characteristics of anthropogenic emissions, thus enriching the research progress of VOC emission sources.
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