Background
Evidence-based programs are slow to disseminate to create public health impact. Mexican Americans have low uptake of the modifiable healthy behaviors of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and physical activity (PA). This study analyzed the dissemination and implementation of an evidence-based community-wide campaign (CWC), Tu Salud ¡Si Cuenta! (TSSC), in augmenting these behaviors among Mexican Americans living along the U.S.-Mexico Border.
Methods
We examined reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) of the program. For effectiveness, participants were classified into “low exposure” and “high exposure” groups based on home visits by a community health worker (CHW). A dietary questionnaire and the Godin-Shepherd Exercise Questionnaire were used to quantify mean FV consumption and weekly PA level, respectively. Mean differences in change from baseline to follow-up was compared between the groups based on multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, insurance and poverty status, and program components received. Odds of newly meeting FV and PA guidelines at follow-up were estimated with multivariable logistic regression analysis. All analyses were repeated for each location separately.
Results
Low-income Mexican-Americans (N = 8225) across twelve locations along the U.S.-Mexico border were analyzed. The program reached 2.2% of the total population of the lower Rio Grande Valley region (Cameron and Hidalgo Counties, Texas). The high exposure group had significantly greater FV intake (adjusted mean difference = + 0.65 FV servings, 95% CI: 0.53–0.77) and PA (adjusted mean difference = + 185.6 MET-minutes, 95% CI: 105.9-265.4) than the low exposure group. The high exposure group was significantly more likely to meet FV guidelines (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.65–2.47) and PA guidelines (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.68) at follow-up. In location-specific analysis, the association of increasing program exposure to degree of improvement in FV consumption and PA was replicated. 92.3% (12/13) of locations offered the program adopted it. 58.3% (7/12) of program locations implemented with fidelity, and 91.7% (11/12) maintained the program.
Conclusions
The results indicate this CWC intervention shows promise for improving health outcomes among low-income Mexican Americans in a scaled-up implementation effort. The adoption and maintenance of the program was strong, but staff capacity and turnover adversely impacted implementation fidelity.
Trial registration:
NCT03199365. Date: June 26, 2017