Exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields in apartment buildings with indoor transformer stations in Israel

Hareuveny, Ronen; Kandel, Shaiela; Yitzhak, Nir-Mordechay; Kheifets, Leeka; Mezei, Gábor

doi:10.1038/jes.2010.20

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The number of spaces where it has been measured is indicated, and finally the average value of the measurements made in the bed or beds of the most affected spaces are also presented. Our measurements are within the order of magnitude of the measurements carried out in Finland, Switzerland, Hungary, Israel, Bulgaria, and The Netherlands [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], in the framework of the TransExpo Project [15]. The average of the average values gives us an average value of 0.4 µT for the dwellings above or adjacent to the TS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…This would greatly facilitate environmental and epidemiological studies, eliminate the control selection biases, and eliminate confounding agents, such as the ionized air surrounding the high-voltage cables, which would not be present in the dwellings attached to the TSs. Measurement campaigns have been carried out in Finland, Israel, Hungary, and Switzerland to analyze a possible exposure assessment procedure (Ilonen et al [10]; Hareuveny et al [11]; Szabo et al [12]; Thuroczy et al [13]; Martin Rösli et al [14]); in these works, in the framework of the TransExpo project [15][16][17][18], specific measurements have been made in apartments in buildings on which TSs are located on the ground floor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields in Homes and Areas Surrounding Urban Transformer Stations in Silla (Spain): Environmental Impact Assessment

2018

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Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFs) is almost inevitable almost anywhere in the world. An ELF magnetic field (ELF-MF) of around 1 mG = 0.1 μT is typically measured in any home of the world with a certain degree of development and well-being. There is fear and concern about exposure to electromagnetic fields from high- and medium-voltage wiring and transformer stations, especially internal transformer stations (TSs), which in Spain are commonly located inside residential buildings on the ground floor. It is common for neighbors living near these stations to ask for stations to be moved away from their homes, and to ask for information about exposure levels and their effects. Municipality is the closest administration to the citizens that must solve this situation, mediating between the citizens, the utility companies and the national administration. In this case, the municipality of Silla (València, Spain) wanted to know the levels of exposure in the dwellings annexed to the TSs, to compare them with Spanish legislation and the recommendations coming from epidemiological studies. This article presents the first systematic campaign of ELF-MF measurements from TSs carried out in a Spanish city. Many measurements were carried out in the rooms of the apartments doing spatial averages of spatial grid measurements. Measurements are made in the bed and bedrooms and a weighted average and an environmental impact indicator were obtained for each location. We found that old TSs usually provide the highest peak exposure levels. A notable result of this work is that approximately one quarter of the population living above or next to a TS would be exposed to a weighted MF level greater than 0.3 μT, and that about a 10% of this population would not be able to relocate their bedroom or living room to minimize the level of exposure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields in Homes and Areas Surrounding Urban Transformer Stations in Silla (Spain): Environmental Impact Assessment

2018

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“…Conducted measurements for the pilot TRANSEXPO study, show a clear distinction between the magnetic field values in the "exposed" apartments and all other apartments located on same buildings [6,7,8]. The apartments located on the same floor as the "exposed" ones can not be considered as an"unexposed", taking into account the measured values of the magnetic field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Assessment of Magnetic Field in Dwellings with Built-in Transformers in Bulgaria

Shalamanova¹

2015

SJPH

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An exposure assessment study was performed within a sample of apartment buildings with built-in transformer rooms located throughout the Sofia city. This study was a part of the International project TRANSEXPO which goal was to find the epidemiologic association between extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and childhood leukemia. The exposure assessment part was directed to estimation of magnetic field exposures in residences that are both near to and distant from the transformer room, based upon their location relative to the transformer station. Measurements of 50 Hz magnetic field (MF) were performed in 65 apartments, 21 buildings, with built-in transformer stations. In each building, measurements were made in the following types of apartments: 1. apartments that have rooms directly above and next to the transformer; 2. apartments selected on the same floor as the one directly above and next to the transformer; 3. apartments on the upper floors randomly selected among all the other apartments of the building; The measurement results show clear difference among the magnetic field values measured of the three categories of apartments, respectively 0,4 µT for the "exposed" apartments 0,23 µT on the same floor, and 0,1 µT on other floors. These results confirm that classification of magnetic field exposure based on apartment location is possible with specificity 0,91 and sensitivity 0,95 for cut-off point 0,4 µT. Values of 0,4 µT and above were measured in 18 out of 19 apartments that have rooms directly above and next to the transformer. The exposure assessment in the buildings with built-in transformer station shows that the apartments can be reliably categorized as an exposed, low exposed or unexposed based on their location to the transformer stations.

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“…We calculated sensitivity and specificity of a binary exposure classification, as previously performed by others. 8,9 We applied cutoffs of 0.2 and 0.4 mT to the measurements, and calculated sensitivity and specificity of 'high' exposure classification versus 'medium' or 'low'. All data were analyzed using Stata (version 10; StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).…”

Section: Data Management and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 However, for this approach to work, it would be preferable if it were possible to group exposure of children to magnetic fields into high or low levels without monitoring, but based solely on location of the apartment relative to the transformer room within the building. In Finland, 7 Switzerland, 8 Israel 9 and Hungary, 10 spot measurements of magnetic field exposure have been performed in buildings with in-built transformers. These studies showed that exposure levels in apartments directly on top or adjacent to a transformer room were between 0.3 and 1 mT; well in line with what can be encountered in the vicinity of high-voltage power lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does apartment’s distance to an in-built transformer room predict magnetic field exposure levels?

Huss

Goris

Vermeulen

et al. 2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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It has been shown that magnetic field exposure in apartments located directly on top or adjacent to transformer rooms is higher compared with exposure in apartments located further away from the transformer rooms. It is unclear whether this also translates into exposure contrast among individuals living in these apartments. We performed spot measurements of magnetic fields in 35 apartments in 14 apartment buildings with an in-built transformer and additionally performed 24-h personal measurements in a subsample of 24 individuals. Apartments placed directly on top of or adjacent to a transformer room had on average exposures of 0.42 μT, apartments on the second floor on top of a transformer room, or sharing a corner or edge with the transformer room had 0.11 μT, and apartments located further away from the transformer room had levels of 0.06 μT. Personal exposure levels were approximately a factor 2 lower compared with apartment averages, but still showed exposure contrasts, but only for those individuals who live in the apartments directly on top or adjacent to a transformer room compared with those living further away, with 0.23 versus 0.06 μT for personal exposure when indoors, respectively. A classification of individuals into 'high' and 'low' exposed based on the location of their apartment within a building with an in-built transformer is possible and could be applied in future epidemiological studies.

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Exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields in apartment buildings with indoor transformer stations in Israel

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields in Homes and Areas Surrounding Urban Transformer Stations in Silla (Spain): Environmental Impact Assessment

Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields in Homes and Areas Surrounding Urban Transformer Stations in Silla (Spain): Environmental Impact Assessment

Exposure Assessment of Magnetic Field in Dwellings with Built-in Transformers in Bulgaria

Does apartment’s distance to an in-built transformer room predict magnetic field exposure levels?

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