Exposure of roots of cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>) to low temperature severely reduces root pressure, hydraulic conductivity and active transport of nutrients

Lee, Seong Hee; Singh, Adya P.; Chung, Gap Chae; Ahn, Sung‐Ja; Noh, Eun Kyeung; Steudle, Ernst

doi:10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.00248.x

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Lee et al (2004) measured positive root pressure in cucumber plants. To test this possibility, we relied on the fact that root pressure rapidly declines when roots are chilled (Lee et al, 2004), whereas cold inhibition of phloem transport is a localized phenomenon (Webb, 1967). Therefore, root chilling should inhibit xylem water flux, but not sap movement through sieve tubes, in the aerial portion of the plant.…”

Section: Water From the Xylemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

Zhang

Ayre

et al. 2012

Plant Physiol.

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Cucurbits exude profusely when stems or petioles are cut. We conducted studies on pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to determine the origin and composition of the exudate. Morphometric analysis indicated that the exudate is too voluminous to derive exclusively from the phloem. Cold, which inhibits phloem transport, did not interfere with exudation. However, ice water applied to the roots, which reduces root pressure, rapidly diminished exudation rate. Sap was seen by microscopic examination to flow primarily from the fascicular phloem in cucumber, and several other cucurbit species, but primarily from the extrafascicular phloem in pumpkin. Following exposure of leaves to 14 CO 2 , radiolabeled stachyose and other sugars were detected in the exudate in proportions expected of authentic phloem sap. Most of this radiolabel was released during the first 20 s. Sugars in exudate were dilute. The sugar composition of exudate from extrafascicular phloem near the edge of the stem differed from that of other sources in that it was high in hexose and low in stachyose. We conclude that sap is released from cucurbit phloem upon wounding but contributes negligibly to total exudate volume. The sap is diluted by water from cut cells, the apoplast, and the xylem. Small amounts of dilute, mobile sap from sieve elements can be obtained, although there is evidence that it is contaminated by the contents of other cell types. The function of P-proteins may be to prevent water loss from the xylem as well as nutrient loss from the phloem.

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Section: Water From the Xylemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

Zhang

Ayre

et al. 2012

Plant Physiol.

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“…Lee et al (2004) reported root pressure, hydraulic conductivity and nutrients active transport were seriously reduced when roots were exposed to low temperature. So, nutrient uptake could be inhibited by low RZT (Peng and Dang 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of root-zone temperature and N, P, and K supplies on nutrient uptake of cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) seedlings in hydroponics

Yan

Duan

Mao

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The nutrient uptake and allocation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings at different root-zone temperatures (RZT) and different concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients were examined. Plants were grown in a nutrient solution for 30 d at two root-zone temperatures (a diurnally Fuctuating ambient 10 C-RZT and a constant 20 C-RZT) with the aerial parts of the plants maintained at ambient temperature (10 C-30 C). Based on a Hoagland nutrient solution, seven N, P, and K nutrient concentrations were supplied to the plants at each RZT. Results showed that total plant and shoot dry weights under each nutrient treatment were significantly lower at low root-zone temperature (10 C-RZT) than at elevated root-zone temperature (20 C-RZT). But higher root dry weights were obtained at 10 C-RZT than those at 20 C-RZT. Total plant dry weights at both 10 C-RZT and 20 C-RZT were increased with increased solution N concentration, but showed different responses under P and K treatments. All estimated nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) and uptake by the plant were obviously influenced by RZT. Low root temperature (10 C-RZT) caused a remarkable reduction in total N, P, and K uptake of shoots in all nutrient treatments, and more nutrients were accumulated in roots at 10 C-RZT than those at 20 C-RZT. N, P, and K uptakes and distribution ratios in shoots were both improved at elevated root-zone temperature (20 C-RZT). N supplies were favorable to P and K uptake at both 10 C-RZT and 20 C-RZT, with no significantly positive correlation between N and P, or N and K uptake. In conclusion, higher RZT was more beneficial to increase of plant biomass and mineral nutrient absorption than was increase of nutrient concentration. Among the three element nutrients, increasing N nutrient concentration in solution promoted better tolerance to low RZT in cucumber seedlings than increasing P and K. In addition, appropriately decreased P concentration favors plant growth.

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“…Many reports have emphasized the changes in water relations because water homeostasis is essential for plant survival under this stress condition, and a significant symptom of chilling injury is shoot water deficit resulting from imbalance between water transport and transpiration [2]. It has been well documented that root water transport is sharply suppressed by exposure to low temperature in a number of species, including maize [3][4][5][6], rice [7], bean [8], spinach [9], aspen [10], cucumber and figleaf gourd [11,12]. Some studies have also demonstrated that a decrease in transpiration follows the reduction in root water flow [5,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Techniques used were Northern blot, semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time RT-PCR using SYBR green dye in species such as Arabidopsis [20], maize [6] and rice [7]. Comparative analysis between cucumber (chilling sensitive) and figleaf gourd (chilling resistant) indicated that the decrease in cell hydraulic conductivity (Lp) at low temperature was associated with the open/close state of water channels [11,12]. However, in chilling-sensitive maize, the decrease in root Lp upon chilling was due to oxidative damage to the membranes rather than a decrease in aquaporin amount or a change in phosphorylation status [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water relations and an expression analysis of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins in sensitive and tolerant rice during chilling and recovery

et al. 2006

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A symptom of chilling injury is development of water deficit in shoots, resulting from an imbalance of water transport and transpiration. In this work, two rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. var. Wasetoitsu and Somewake) seedlings were chilled at 7 o C, followed by recovery at 28 o C. Based on the growth phenotype and electrolyte leakage tests, Somewake was shown to be a chilling-tolerant variety, and Wasetoitsu a chilling-sensitive one. The chilling stress reduced markedly the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, accumulative transpiration and osmotic root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in both varieties. But when returned to 28 o C, the water relation balance of Somewake recovered better. The mRNA expression profile of all the 11 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), a subgroup of aquaporins, was subsequently determined by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with TaqMan-minor grove binder (MGB) probes derived from rice var. Nipponbare during chilling treatment and recovery. Most of the PIP genes was down-regulated at the low temperature, and recovered at the warm temperature. The relative expression of some PIPs in both Somewake and Wasetoitsu decreased in parallel during the chilling. However during the recovery, the relative expression of OsPIP1;1, OsPIP2;1, OsPIP2;7 in shoots and OsPIP1;1, OsPIP2;1 in roots were significantly higher in Somewake than Wasetoitsu. This supports the role of PIPs in re-establishing water balance after chilling conditions. We discuss the diversified roles played by members of the aquaporin PIP subfamily in plant chilling tolerance depending on aquaporin isoforms, plant tissue and the stage of chilling duration.

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Exposure of roots of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to low temperature severely reduces root pressure, hydraulic conductivity and active transport of nutrients

Cited by 86 publications

References 36 publications

The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

The Origin and Composition of Cucurbit “Phloem” Exudate

Effects of root-zone temperature and N, P, and K supplies on nutrient uptake of cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) seedlings in hydroponics

Water relations and an expression analysis of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins in sensitive and tolerant rice during chilling and recovery

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